Sa Medicine Ii -- Flutd

Front 1

FLUTD is a common cause of?

Back 1

-- morbidity

-- 4-10% of all feline admissions

-- common reason for euthanasia

Front 2

Etiologies of FLUTD?

Back 2

-- idiopathic

-- urolithiasis + ureteral plugs

-- infectious

-- bacterial, viral, mycoplasma

-- neoplasia

-- anatomic abnormalities, urethral stricture, bladder diverticulum

Front 3

____ _____ are the same for all causes of lower urinary tract inflammation in all species.

Back 3

-- clinical signs are the same

Front 4

Clinical signs of FLUTD?

Back 4

-- hematuria

-- dysuria

-- pollakiuria

-- stranguria

Front 5

Most common causes of FLUTD?

Back 5

-- idiopathic (63%)

-- stones

Front 6

Least common causes of FLUTD?

Back 6

-- infection & neoplasi (3.3%)

Front 7

Infection is a reasonable diagnosis in?

Back 7

-- older cats

>> culture it!

Front 8

Three populations of cats with hematuria?

Back 8

-- hematuria + obstruction >> emergency

-- hematuria + dysuria (no obstruction)

-- hematuria + inappropriate urination

Front 9

Etiology of hematuria with inappropriate urination?

Back 9

-- behavior problem

-- idiopathic

-- stones

-- infection

Front 10

Diagnostic tests for hematuria with inappropriate urination?

Back 10

-- behavior consultation

-- urinalysis

-- radiographs/ultrasound

-- culture

-- contrast studies

-- chemistry

Front 11

Management of hematuria with inappropriate urination?

Back 11

-- avoid stress

-- environmental enrichment

-- private/silent/clean litterboxes(n+1)

-- resting areas

-- social contact

-- drugs: fluoxetine, Feliway

Front 12

Etiology of hematuria + dysuria (no obstruction)?

Back 12

-- idiopathic (young cats)

-- stones

-- infection (old cats)

Front 13

Laboratory tests for hematuria + dysuria?

Back 13

-- urinalysis: pyuria, hematuria, +/- bacteriuria

-- radiographs (20% cats have stones)

-- ultrasound

-- culture

-- contrast radiographs

Front 14

__% of stones in cats are radiopaque.

Back 14

-- 90%

Front 15

UTIs are more common in cats with?

Back 15

-- uroliths

-- older cats

-- renal failure

Front 16

Most common uroliths in cats? Nephroliths?

Back 16

-- >90% struvite or oxalate stones

-- 90% oxalate stones in kidneys

Front 17

___% of LUT disease cases in cats have stones.

Back 17

-- 20% of LUT

Front 18

Urolithiasis is increased in CKD. T/F?

Back 18

-- true!

Front 19

Urolithiasis: stone type changes with age?

Back 19

-- young cats have struvite stones

-- old cats have oxalate stones

Front 20

Struvite stones are ____% sterile.
__-__% total uroliths are struvite.

Back 20

-- 95% sterile

-- 40-50% of total uroliths are struvite

Front 21

Treatment of struvite stones?

Back 21

-- medical dissolution (adults)

-- surgery

Front 22

Diets that promote dissolution of struvite stones? How long does it take?

Back 22

-- Hills c/d multicare

-- Royal Canin SO and Diet Dissolution

-- Purina UR St/Ox

-- should eliminate stones by 4 wks (6 wks max)

-- let cat choose, stick with it!

Front 23

Prevention of struvite stones in cats?

Back 23

-- acidifying diet: keep pH 6.1- 6.5

-- measure pH after meal (alkaline tide)

Front 24

Hypercalcemic cats are more likely to have what kind of stones?

Back 24

-- oxalate stones

Front 25

Oxalate stones are ___-___% of total uroliths. Most cats with oxalate stones are > __y. Slightly more common in ____ cats.

Back 25

-- 40-50% of total

-- >2y (97%)

-- slightly more common in male cats

Front 26

Cat breeds predisposed to oxalate stones?

Back 26

-- Himalayan, Persian, Ragdoll, Burmese

Front 27

Treatment of oxalate stones in cats?

Back 27

-- correct hypercalcemia

-- can prevent recurrence

-- can't dissolve existing stones

Front 28

Prevention of oxalate stones in cats?

Back 28

-- urine pH 7.0 - 7.5

-- urinary diet for oxalate stone prevention

-- potassium citrate

Front 29

Diets for prevention of oxalate stones in cats?

Back 29

-- Hill's C/D multicare

-- Royal Canin Urinary SO

-- Iams Urinary Moderate pH/O

-- Purina UR St/Ox

Front 30

Which breeds are predisposed to get stones with CRF?

Back 30

Siamese, Persian, Burmese, Himalayan

Front 31

Why are stones important in tx of CRF?

Back 31

-- important cause of decompensation in CRF patients

-- can cause uremic crisis with acute obstruction

-- chronic intermittent obstruction can cause progression of renal disease

Front 32

What is idiopathic cystitis?

Back 32

-- lower urinary tract inflammation of unknown origin

Front 33

Common signalment of cats with idiopathic cystitis?

Back 33

-- indoor, obese, young (2-6 y) cats

-- spring and winter

Front 34

Clinical signs/findings with idiopathic cystitis?

Back 34

-- urinalysis: hematuria, pyuria

-- struvite crystals

-- usually acidic

-- negative culture

-- normal radiographs

Front 35

Idiopathic cystitis is a diagnosis of?

Back 35

-- exclusion

Front 36

Predisposing factors for idopathic cystitis?

Back 36

-- dec. urine volume

>> dry food

>> dec. drinking

-- dec. voiding frequency

>> litter box avoidance

>> dec. activity (obesity, confinement, castration)

-- stress

Front 37

Treatment of idiopathic cystitis?

Back 37

-- self-limiting

-- rule out other causes!

-- client education (patience)

-- manage signs

-- do no harm

Front 38

If a cat is >8yo, it is unlikely to have idiopathic cystitis. T/F?

Back 38

-- true

Front 39

Management of idiopathic cystitis?

Back 39

-- pain meds (butorphanol)

-- subcutaneous fluids

>> dilute urine, inc. production

Front 40

Crystalluria: you should look for a cause when?

Back 40

-- cystine

-- ammonium urate

-- xanthine

Front 41

Repeated episodes of idiopathic cystitis?

Back 41

-- increase water consumption

>> SG < 1.030 (important to monitor)

>> canned food

>> water available everywhere

-- decrease stress

>> inc. # litter boxes, clean them

-- drugs

>> anti-anxiety, pain, anti-inflammatory (e.g. amitriptyline)

Front 42

Likely not idiopathic cystitis if?

Back 42

-- old cat

-- first crisis > 7 years

-- clinical signs last more than one week