Rspt 1340 Beachey Ch 13 Clinical Assessment Of Acid Base And Oxygenation Status

Front 1

What are common causes of hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis?

Back 1

Central nervous system depression, extreme obesity, and neuromuscular disorders

Front 2

What are effects of rapidly rising PaCO2?

Back 2

Increased intercranial pressure, myoclonus, and mental confusion

Front 3

What are causes of hypoxia induced respiratory alkalosis?

Back 3

High altitude, asthma, pneumonia, and pulmonary edema

Front 4

What is the most common cause of iatrogenic respiratory alkalosis?

Back 4

Mechanical ventilation

Front 5

What symptoms are associated with hypocapnic cerebral vacoconstriction?

Back 5

Light-headedness, dizziness and syncope

Front 6

What is the interpretation of a blood gas that shows a ph of 7.44, a PaC02 of 50MMHG, a PaC02 of 48MMHG, And an hco3 of 33MEQ/L in a patient with advanced COPD?

Back 6

Acute hyperventilation super imposed on chronic respiratory acidosis

Front 7

What conditions make metabolic alkalosis the most complicated acid base imbalance to treat in acutely ill patients?

Back 7

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances

Front 8

What conditions may limit compensatory hypoventilation for metabolic alkalosis?

Back 8

Anxiety, Pain, Infection, and Fever

Front 9

What is the interpretation of a blood gas that shows a Ph of 7.10 a PaC02 of 50MMHG and an hco3 of 15MEQ/L?

Back 9

Combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis

Front 10

What should be the focus of evaluating oxygenation?

Back 10

Oxygen delivery to the tissues

Front 11

What are some categories of tissue hypoxia?

Back 11

Hypoxic, Anemic, Stagnant, and Histotoxic

Front 12

What therapies are considered the best treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning?

Back 12

Hyperbaric oxygen

Front 13

What laboratory values are used as an indicator of tissue hypoxia?

Back 13

Lactate

Front 14

What therapies are considered a response to chronic hypoxemia?

Back 14

Increased red blood cell production

Front 15

If Hb and cardiac output are normal, Pa02 must acutely decrease to what levels before clinical manifestations appear?

Back 15

50 to 60MMHG

Front 16

Respiratory acidosis is associated with what acid base disorders?

Back 16

Hypoventilation and acute excerbation of advanced COPD

Front 17

Respiratory alkalosis is associated with what acid base disorders?

Back 17

Hyperventilation and arterial hypoxemia

Front 18

Metabolic acidosis is associated with what acid base disorders?

Back 18

Prolonged diarrhea and diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 19

Metabolic alkalosis is associated with what acid base disorders?

Back 19

Prolonged vomiting and nasogastric drainage

Front 20

What conditions would be associated with an anion gap? Explain.

Back 20

Extremely low blood pressure causing tissue hypoxia because of lactic acid and diabetes because of ketoacidosis

Front 21

Give an example of as anemic hypoxia

Back 21

Loss of hemoglobin, Iron deficiency, and Sickle cell anemia

Front 22

Give an example of hypoxic hypoxia

Back 22

Hyperventilation, decrease in alveolar PaO2, shunt, VQ mismatch, and high altitude breathing

Front 23

Give an example of stagnant Hypoxia

Back 23

Cardiac arrest, low blood flow, loss of cardiac output, and severe dehydration

Front 24

Give an example of histoxic hypoxia

Back 24

Cyanide poisoning

Front 25

Give an example of types of hypoxia that do not benefit from the delivery of supplemental oxygen and why they do not

Back 25

Hypoxic Hypoxia because of shunt and Stagnant Hypoxia because of decreased bloodflow.

Front 26

When has full acid base compensation occurred?

Back 26

When PH is at a normal range

Front 27

What is the interpretation of the following blood gas information: PH is 7.36 PaCO2 is 80MMHG and HC03 is 44MEQ/L?

Back 27

Ventilatory/respiratory failure

Front 28

What is the interpretation of the following blood gas reading: ph is 7.15 PaCO2 is 80MMHG and hco3 is 26MEQ/L?

Back 28

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Front 29

What is the most common clinical condition associated with respiratory acidosis?

Back 29

COPD

Front 30

When does renal compensation began?

Back 30

As soon as PaCO2 rises

Front 31

Following a rise in PaCO2 when is full Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis expected to occur?

Back 31

Several days

Front 32

Which acute level of PaCO2 can lead to coma in patients without chronic hypercapnia?

Back 32

70MMHG

Front 33

What is the most common cause of hyperventilation in patients with pulmonary disease?

Back 33

Hypoxemia induced respiratory alkalosis

Front 34

What condition is associated with Kussmaul's respiration?

Back 34

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 35

On average how much does the PaCO2 rise for every 1MEQ/L increase in the plasma HC03?

Back 35

0.7 MMHG

Front 36

What will be the expected PH if the PaCO2 is 50MMHG in the presence of a normal metabolic status.

Back 36

7.34

Front 37

What is the tissues resting oxygen consumption?

Back 37

25% of the oxygen delivered to them

Front 38

How much should the PAO2 rise for every 10% increase in FIO2?

Back 38

50MMHG