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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the function of buffers? |
They readily combine with H+ ions |
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According to the widely accepted Bronsted-Lowry theory, what is an acid |
Any substance that donates a proton H+ to an aqueous solution. |
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According to the widely accepted Bronsted-Lowry theory what is a base? |
Any substance that accepts a proton H+ removing it from solution. |
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What is the ph of a chemically neutral solution? |
7.0 |
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Because PH is a logarithmic scale, it is anticipated that a change of one ph unit will result in what change in H+? |
Tenfold change |
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What is the only volatile acid or physiological significance in the body? |
Carbonic Acid |
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What are the major mechanisms responsible for maintaining a stable PH in the face of massive C02 productions? |
-Ventilation -Isohydric buffering |
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What are examples of a fixed acid? |
-Lactic acid -Phosphoric acid -Sulfuric acid |
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What system has the greatest buffering capacity? |
HCO3 |
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What variables are computed by the HH equation? |
-pH -HCO3 -PCO2 |
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What non bicarbonate buffer is the most important? |
Hb |
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What statements are true of acid excretion? |
-The lungs excrete only volatile acid -The lungs can excrete large quantities of C02 in minutes -The kidneys excrete primarily fixed acids -The kidneys remove fixed acids at a much slower pace (hours to days) |
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What organs are responsible for the physical removal of H+? |
Kidneys |
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What is the normal ratio of HCO3 to dissolved CO2 necessary to maintain a ph of 7.40? |
20:1 |
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What disturbances in tbe ph may potentially occur in patients with nasogastric suction catheters? |
Metabolic alkalosis |
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What is considered a rapid compensatory mechanism to restore the ph back to normal levels in the presence of metabolic acidosis? |
CO2 elimination |
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In general when a non bicarbonate buffer concentration is normal, an acute PaCO2 rise of 10MMHG will be associated with what changes? |
HCO3 rises by approximately 1 mEg/L |
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In general when a non bicarbonate buffer concentration is normal, an acute PaCO2 rise of 60MMHG will be associated with what changes? |
HCO3 rises to approximately 26 mEq/L |
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In general when a non bicarbonate buffer concentration is normal, an acute PaCO2 decrease of 10MMHG will be associated with what changes? |
HCO3 decreases by approximately 2 mEq/L |
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A young previously healthy drug overdose victim with severely depressed ventilation enters the emergency room with the following arterial blood gasses: PH = 7.22, PACO2 = 70MMHG, HC03= 28 mEq/L. What is the acid base disturbance of this victim? |
Uncompensated respiratory acidosis |
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The 2 organ systems that regulate acid base balance of the blood are the _____and the _____ . _______acidosis or alkalosis can be countered or _______ by the actions of the________ while _______ acidosis or alkalosis can be compensated by the actions of the ______. In both cases compensatory actions work to maintain a normal blood _____. |
The 2 organ systems that regulate acid base balance of the blood are the __lungs___and the __kidneys__ . __Respiritory__acidosis or alkalosis can be countered or __compensated_____ by the actions of the_kidneys__ while __metabolic__ acidosis or alkalosis can be compensated by the actions of the __lungs__.In both cases compensatory actions work to maintain a normal blood __pH__. |
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Compensated respiratory acidosis would be characterized by a high ______(the primary problem) and a high ______(the compensatory response). Compensated metabolic (non respiratory) acidosis would be characterized by a low ______( the primary problem) and a low _____ (the compensatory responsel). |
Compensated respiratory acidosis would be characterized by a high __PaCO2_(the primary problem) and a high _HCO3_(the compensatory response). Compensated metabolic (non respiratory) acidosis would be characterized by a low _HCO3__( the primary problem) and a low _PaCO2__ (the compensatory responsel). |