Roman Architecture

Front 1

What is the name of the north-to-south road that runs through the middle of Roman-planned cities?

Back 1

cardo

Front 2

What is the name of the east-to-west road that runs through the middle of Roman-planned cities?

Back 2

decumānus

Front 3

Where did the Romans almost always place their forums within a city?

Back 3

At the intersection of the cardo and decumānus streets.

Front 4

Which road was the primary "main street" of Rome, unless circumstances prevented it?

Back 4

the cardo

Front 5

What is this type of masonry called? Describe it.

Back 5

Polygonal masonry is characteristic of Roman roads and walls, especially in the region of Latium, which is the central-western Italian region that includes Rome.

Front 6

Where was Dacia?

Back 6

Modern-day Romania/Moldavia

Front 7

Where was Thracia

Back 7

Modern-day Bulgaria, including the portion of Turkey that descends southwest to Constantinople.

Front 8

What is this type of ceiling called?

Back 8

a groin vault ceiling

Front 9

Where is the Palatine Hill in this picture?

Back 9

Front 10

Where is the Aventine Hill in this picture?

Back 10

Front 11

In what century did Romulus settle Rome?

Back 11

8th century B.C.

Front 12

What is this a depiction of?

When was it built and by whom?

Back 12

The Temple of Jupiter OMC

Aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini

First built by the Etruscans in 6th c. BC

Front 13

Regarding the original Aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini,

What were its columns made from?

What were its pediment and walls made from?

What were it's sculptural embellishments made from?

Back 13

Wooden Columns

Mud brick walls and pediment

Terracotta sculptural embellishments

Front 14

The Parthenon dates from what time?

What was it made from?

Back 14

5th c. BC

Marble

Front 15

Where on this map is the Capitoline Hill?

Back 15

Front 16

What do you call this kind of masonry?

Back 16

ashlar masonry

Front 17

When and why was the Servian Wall built?

Back 17

It was built after the Gauls sacked Rome in the 4th c. BC

Front 18

What is the type of rock made from volcanic ash that was common around Italy and used for many building projects

Back 18

tufa

Front 19

Where is the Temple of Portuna

Back 19

It is here

Front 20

Greek vs. Roman Temples

Contrast the pediment style

Back 20

Greek pediments had stairs all the way around, but Romans had a 'facade-oriented' approach, having only stairs in the front with a much taller pediment.

Front 21

Greek vs. Roman Temples

Contrast the porch style

Back 21

Typically, Roman temples had deep porches, Greek ones did not.

Front 22

What is this a piece of?

Back 22

The Forma Urbis

The Forma Urbis Romae or Severan Marble Plan is a massive marble map of ancient Rome, created under the emperor Septimius Severus between 203 and 211. It originally measured 18 m (60 ft) wide by 13 m (45 ft) high and was carved into 150 marble slabs mounted on an interior wall of the Temple of Peace.

Created at a scale of approximately 1 to 240, the map was detailed enough to show the floor plans of nearly every temple, bath, and insula in the central Roman city. The boundaries of the plan were decided based on the available space on the marble, instead of by geographical or political borders as modern maps usually are.

Front 23

What is opus incertum?

Back 23

Opus incertum (irregular work) was an ancient Roman construction technique, using irregularly shaped and randomly placed uncut stones or fist-sized tuff blocks inserted in a core of Roman concrete (opus caementicium).

Used from the beginning of the 2nd century BC until the mid-1st century BC, it was later largely superseded by opus reticulatum.

Front 24

What is opus reticulatum?

Back 24

Opus reticulatum (also known asreticulated work) is a form of brickwork used in ancient Roman architecture. It consists of diamond-shaped bricks oftuff, referred to as cubilia,[1] placed around a core of opus caementicium.[2]The diamond-shaped tufa blocks were placed with the pointed ends into thecement core at an angle of roughly 45 degrees, so the square bases formed a diagonal pattern, and the pattern of mortar lines resembled a net.Reticulatum is the Latin term for net-like, and opus, the term for a work of art, so the term translates to "net work".

Front 25

Where is Illyricum?

Back 25

Illyricum was a Roman province that existed between 167 BC and 10 AD, named after conquered Illyria, stretching from the Drin river (in modern north Albania) to Istria (Croatia) in the west and to the Sava river (Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the north. Salona (near modern Split in Croatia) functioned as its capital. The province was then divided into Pannonia in the north and Dalmatia in the south.

Front 26

What is this a picture of?

Back 26

The Temple of Hercules at Tivoli

Front 27

What is the latin word for the seating area of a theater?

Back 27

cavea

Front 28

Where is the region of Achea on this map?

Back 28

Front 29

Where is the region of Boetia on this map?

Back 29

Front 30

Where is the region of Attica on this map?

Back 30

Front 31

Where is Delphi on this map?

Back 31

Front 32

Where is Sparta on this map?

Back 32

Front 33

Where is Thebes on this map?

Back 33

Front 34

Where is Rhodes on this map?

Back 34

Front 35

Where is Crete on this map?

Back 35

Front 36

Where is Corinth on this map?

Back 36

Front 37

Where is Athens on this map?

Back 37