Respiratory System Ch. 15

Front 1

functions of the respiratory system

Back 1

Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration temperature changes and pathogens, and gas/nutrient exchange.

Front 2

The respiratory mucosa is made up of

Back 2

ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 3

Air entering the body is .............by the upper (conducting) portion of the respiratory tract

Back 3

filtered, warmed, and humidified

Front 4

Microorganisms removed from incoming air by the mucus of the respiratory tract are ultimately

Back 4

exposed to stomach acids and enzymes

Front 5

portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the nose

Back 5

Nasal vestibule

Front 6

The nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx at the

Back 6

internal nares

Front 7

respiratory surfaces of the nasal cavity are cleared by mucus produced in part by the

Back 7

paranasal sinuses

Front 8

function of the nasal conchae is to

Back 8

create turbulence in the air to trap small particulates in mucus

Front 9

chamber shared by the respiratory and digestive systems

Back 9

Pharynx

Front 10

human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections:

Back 10

nasopharynx, the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx

Front 11

Most common lethal inherited disease affecting Caucasians of Northern European descent that results from a defective gene located on chromosome 7

Back 11

cystic fibrosis

Front 12

what happens in cystic fibrosis

Back 12

thick secretions that exceed the ability of the respiratory tract cilia to remove them

Front 13

passage from the pharynx to the larynx

Back 13

Glottis

Front 14

elastic structure that folds back over the glottis, preventing the entry of liquids or solid food into the respiratory tract during swallowing

Back 14

Epiglottis

Front 15

forms much of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the larynx, and often contains an "Adam's apple"

Back 15

Thyroid cartilage

Front 16

provides posterior support to the larynx

Back 16

Cricoid cartilage

Front 17

pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by

Back 17

changing the diameter, length, and tension of the vocal cords

Front 18

Trachea is reinforced with

Back 18

C-shaped cartilages

Front 19

Airways that supply one lobe of a lung

Back 19

Secondary bronchi

Front 20

typically 9-10 present in each lung

Back 20

Tertiary bronchi

Front 21

walls of bronchioles are dominated by smooth muscle, whose activity is regulated by the

Back 21

autonomic nervous system

Front 22

order in which air passes through these structures beginning at the trachea is:

1 - secondary bronchi

2 - tertiary bronchi

3 - bronchioles

4 - primary bronchi

Back 22

D) 4-1-2-3

Front 23

actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are

Back 23

alveoli

Front 24

walls of the alveoli are lined by

Back 24

simple squamous epithelium

Front 25

Septal cell (pneumocytes type II)- produce

Back 25

surfactant

Front 26

Damage to the septal cells of the lungs would most likely result in

Back 26

reduction in surfactant production

Front 27

surfactant

Back 27

plays a key role in keeping alveoli open

Front 28

The lungs divided into

Back 28

lobes that are separated by deep fissures

Front 29

layer of serous membrane that covers the surface of the lungs

Back 29

visceral pleura

Front 30

inflammation of the pulmonary lobules that typically results from infection

Back 30

Pneumonia

Front 31

Tuberculosis results from infection by

Back 31

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 32

movement of air into and out of the lungs

Back 32

pulmonary ventilation

Front 33

absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by cells

Back 33

Internal respiration

Front 34

force that causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration is supplied by

Back 34

atmospheric pressure

Front 35

Contraction of the diaphragm (a muscle) normally accounts for around ............in normal quiet breathing

Back 35

75% of the air movement

Front 36

Forced breathing during exhalation involves contraction of the

Back 36

internal intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles

Front 37

most abundant gas in the air

Back 37

Nitrogen (N2)

Front 38

Normal interstitial fluid has a oxygen partial pressure of .... mm Hg and a carbon dioxide partial pressureof ....mm Hg.

Back 38

40 mm Hg : 45 mm Hg

Front 39

oxygen diffuses out of the capillaries and

Back 39

carbon dioxide diffuses in

Front 40

Oxygen content of arterial blood consists of oxygen molecules in

Back 40

solution- 1.5%

Front 41

A chronic, progressive condition characterized by shortness of breath and destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for gaseous exchange is termed

Back 41

emphysema

Front 42

Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood (approximately 70%) is ultimately transported as

Back 42

bicarbonate ions in the plasma

Front 43

Neurons in the ..............,along with ........ control respiration

Back 43

medulla and pons, respiratory reflexes,

Front 44

Respiration is controlled by the

Back 44

medulla oblongata and pons

Front 45

Back 45

1. nasal cavity
2. nasopharynx
3. oropharynx
4. laryngopharynx
5. larynx
6. trachea
7. bronchus
8. bronchioles
9. terminal bronchioles

Front 46

Back 46

alveolus