Respiratory System Lt3 Reviewer

Front 1

Functions (2)

Back 1

Oxygen intake for use by the body

removal of waste products of metabolism

Front 2

mechanisms (2)

Back 2

Passive diffusion -simplest form

Oxygen diffusion -usually high partial pressure in the environment; requiring ATP

Front 3

How does passive diffusion depend on partial pressure?

Back 3

movement occurs from higher to lower pressure

Front 4

product of oxygen in respiration

Back 4

carbon dioxide

Front 5

Passive diffusion rate factors (4)

Back 5

1. surface area

2. distance

3. resistance of barriers to diffusion

4. partial pressure

Front 6

terminologies (3 binaries)

Back 6

external -environment to blood

internal -blood to tissue

Ventilation/breathing

Perfusion

Unidirectional -fish

Bidirectional -many tetrapods

Front 7

Components: Gills

(2 characteristics)

Back 7

External respiration for aquatic habitats

areas with dense capillaries for respiration

Front 8

Components: Gas bladders -swim bladder

(2 functions and 1 example)

Back 8

buoyancy control

can be used for supplementary respiration

squalene (shark's liver oil)

Front 9

Components: Gas bladders -lungs

(2 characteristics and their description)

Back 9

dead space (alveoli where gas-exchange occurs)

tidal volume (total amount of air an organism can hold)

Front 10

Components: Cutaneous respiration

(2 characteristics)

Back 10

heavy vascularization

for areas with thin covering

Front 11

what is device used to measure amount of air an organism can hold?

Back 11

Spirometer

Front 12

where can we find cutaneous respiration in reptiles and tortoises?

Back 12

in between scales of reptiles

in butts of tortoises

Front 13

Two kinds of gas bladders

Back 13

swim bladder

lungs

Front 14

Ventilatory mechanisms: Cilia

(2 descriptions)

Back 14

found in smaller organisms

surface area to volume ratio

Front 15

Ventilatory mechanisms: dual pumps in fishes

(2 parts)

(direction?)

Back 15

buccal and opercular pumps

unidirectional

Front 16

Dual Pump Mechanism

Back 16

1. Suction Phase

2. Force Phase

3. Oral valve

4. Buccal cavity

5. Gill curtain

6. Opercular cavity

7. Opercular valve

Front 17

Ventilatory mechanisms: Buccal pump

(2 categories)

Back 17

Two stroke or Four stroke

Inspiration and Expiration

Front 18

What type of buccal pump is this?

Back 18

Two stroke

Front 19

What type of buccal pump is this?

Back 19

Four stroke

Front 20

Ventilatory mechanisms: Aspiration pump

(found in?)

(direction?)

(what serves as pumps?)

Back 20

amniotes

bidirectional

ribs and diaphragm

Front 21

Phylogeny: Fish -Chondrichthyans

(4 characteristics)

Back 21

Countercurrent flow

ram ventillation

first gill slit -spiracle

interbranchial septa

Front 22

Phylogeny: Fish -bony fishes

(2 characteristics)

note: one character has three functions

Back 22

opercular bones

gas bladders: respiration, buoyancy control, sound detection and production

Front 23

Phylogeny: Amphibia

(describe larval and adult respiration)

Back 23

larval: gills

adult: cutaneous respiration or lungs

Front 24

Phylogeny: Reptilia

(describe lungs and give function of accessory gland)

(ventilation mechanism)

(snake, crocodiles and turtles)

Back 24

Central chamber with faveoli for increasing SA

Aspiration pump

Snake lungs -usually unpaired, respiratory and saccular portions

Crocodiles -liver and lungs

Turtles -muscles with carapace, limb movement

Front 25

Phylogeny: Avialae

(describe lungs and where is it connected)

(how many air sacs and what is its function)

(where does air sacs extend)

(what is present, what is absent)

Back 25

paired lungs connected to trachea

6-12 air sacs that act as bellows

extend into bones

presence of parabronchi, no blind-ending alveoli

Front 26

Back 26

1. Trachea

2. Primary bronchus (mesobronchus)

3. Posterior thoracic sac

4. Abdominal sac

5. Lung (parabronchial network)

6. Anterior thoracic sac

7. Interclavicular sac

Front 27

Describe the movement of oxygen in bird respiratory

Back 27

CYCLE 1

(a) to posterior thoracic sac, abdominal sac and lungs (inhalation 1)

(b) to lungs and trachea (exhalation 1)

CYCLE 2

(c) to posterior thoracic sac, abdominal sac and lungs; to (inhalation 2)

(d) to lungs, anterior thoracic sac and interclavicular sacto trachea

Front 28

Phylogeny: Mammalia

(ventilation mechanism)

(what is used)

Back 28

Aspiration pump (intercostals and diaphragm)

Alveoli