Respiratory System

Front 1

Breathing

Back 1

Air into lungs, air out of lungs

Front 2

Respiration

Back 2

O2 from lungs to blood in cells, Co2 from cells to blood to lungs

Front 3

Cellular Respiration

Back 3

Glucose+O2-->ATP+Co2+H2O

Front 4

Respiration purpose

Back 4

Supply O2 to the cells for Cellular Respiration

Front 5

Respiratory Membrane

Back 5

Uptake of thecO2 and release of Co2

Front 6

Nasal Cavity

Back 6

Nostrils connected to Pharynx :filters foreign particles using tiny hairs & mucus (warms and moistens air absorption in blood is better at warm temp)

Front 7

Pharynx

Back 7

Air filled channel at the back of the mouth:connects the mouth 2 tubes :trachea,esophagus

Front 8

Larynx

Back 8

Contains vocal chords (adams apple)

Front 9

Epiglottis

Back 9

Flap that covers the opening to the trachea when food is swallowed

Front 10

Bronchi

Back 10

Trachea branches into 2 tubes: called "bronchi" -single branches,bands of cartilage for support. (Splits the trachea into two ,carrying o2 to the right lung and left lung

Front 11

Trachea

Back 11

Lined with mucus producing cells & Cilla,supported by bands of cartilage to prevent collapsing (connects Lauryn to two Bronchi)

Front 12

Bronchioles

Back 12

Bronchi branched into smaller airways called bronchioles.no carttilaginous bands,muscles in wall to control diameter (wheezing sound when coughing caused by bronchioles closing)

Front 13

Alveoli

Back 13

Found at the end of the bronchioles

-small sacs

-single layer of cells

-surrounded by capillaries

-huge SA

-diffusion of gas

O2 into capillaries-co2 out of capillaries

Front 14

Pleural Membranes

Back 14

-Thin membrane

-surrounds the outer surface of lungs and inner surface of thoracic cavity(ribs),

-film of moisture

Front 15

Diaphragm

Back 15

Dome shape sheet of muscle

Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal

Regulates the pressure

Aids in breathing(deep breathing)

Front 16

Rib muscles (intercoastal muscles)

Back 16

Muscles between ribs

Aids in breathing

Muscles contract(flex)

Pulls rib cage up & out

(Increases the volume of chest)

Muscles relax Chest wall pushes against lungs,forces air

**more space means less pressure**

Front 17

Breathing Movments: Inhalation

Back 17

and intercostal muscles contract

Increases in lung volume

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contractIncreases in lung volume

Pressure: (lung pressure less than environmental air pressure) ** air moves from high to low **Air rushes into lungs to equalize pressure

Front 18

Breathing movements: Exhalation

Back 18

Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward,intercostal muscles also relax

Decrease in lung volume

Pressure: lung pressure is greater than environmental air pressure

**air moves from high to low **

Air rushes out of lungs to equalize pressure

Front 19

Gas exchange and transport

Back 19

Gas diffuses from area of HIGH to area of LOW pressure (Dalton law of "partial pressure") 02 highest in atmosphere (02 and Co2 have different pressure locations)

Front 20

O2 partial pressure Co2 partial pressure

Back 20

O2:

Always used by cells in tissues and LOW partial pressure of O2,thus O2 always moves INTO cells

Lungs( alveoli )=hightest PP

Heart=medium PP

Tissues=lowest PP

Co2:

Being

Produced by cells in the tissues always HIGH partial pressure of C02 in cells ,thus Co2 always moving OUT of cells

Lungs =lowest PP

Heart medium PP

Tissue= highest PP

**Both product cellular respiration***

Front 21

O2 transportation hemoglobin

Back 21

Each red blood cell contains hundreds to thousands hemoglobin molecules that transport O2

O2 binds to "heme" in the hemoglobin molecules

O2 not soluble in blood (can hold 1/10th the amount of O2 required at rest)

Hemoglobin:

O2 carrying molecule (protein and iron pigment) Increases the amount of O2 that blood can carry

Hemoglobin + O2 ----> oxyhemoglobin

Front 22

Carbon Dioxide Transport

Back 22

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