Gas Exchange + Transport
Pulmonary circulation: circulation from heart to lungs
Systemic circulation: circulation from lungs to organs
Gas exchange is the movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and the movement of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs. This exchange occurs in the capillaries, which are microscopic vessels in the lungs.
In humans, nutrients and oxygen are transferred through the bloodstream. Cells can’t rely solely on diffusion, so this transport system is important.
Gas Exchange in Cells
Diffusion is the movement through a cell membrane from low to high concentration, and it is what occurs to move oxygen across the membrane. It occurs in the alveoli and the villi.
The mitochondria releases oxygen as a result …show more content…
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, and anaerobic respiration does not. Instead it has different electron acceptors. However, they both use carbon dioxide and occur in the mitochondria.
Gas exchange in sharks occurs in the gills, and the gill slits found at the side of the head. Sharks have a high oxygen demand, and oxygenated water constantly has to be flowing over the gill filaments for the respiratory system to work. That’s actually why sharks have to swim while they sleep! Water enters through the mouth and the oxygen from the water enters the gill filaments, and the water then exits through the gill slits.
A shark heart is an S-shaped tube with two chambers: a ventricle and an atrium. In sharks, blood is pumped through the afferent branchial arteries to the capillaries found in the gills, is oxygenated, and then flows through the efferent arteries and to the rest of the body. Because a shark’s blood pressure is very low, they must be constantly moving to keep circulation going.
Chromosomes are structures of protein and nucleic acids found in the nucleus that hold DNA in the form of genes, which are transferred from parent to offspring which determines the order of the monomers in a nucleic acid molecule. A haploid cell means that it only has half the chromosomes, so it’s from one parent, while a diploid cell has a full set of chromosomes with half from each …show more content…
When a population migrates, the new location has different conditions then the previous one, so different characteristics may prove to be better for survival. If before, having a short beak was better for getting food and now long beaks are better because of the change of food. So, those that survive and reproduce will likely be those with long beaks, and that is the trait that gets passed on. That’s what the concept of natural selection is.
Mutations are random changes in that give rise to new alleles. We talked about this one earlier.
Geographic isolation is what happens when mating between to populations of the same species does not occur because they never meet up. That means that over time, speciation (creation of a new species) can occur because the allele frequency can continue to polarize over time.
Ancient sharks began to develop traits that allowed them to adapt to the changing environment. When the first sharks were around, the world looked very different: there were only two large continents. Shark teeth became larger and sharper, brain size and shape changed, and the physique altered over time. Paleoanthropologists have determined multiple stages of the shark evolutionary path. Around 370 million years ago, the Cladoselache had a short and rounded snout, was approximately four feet long, and had a proportionate tail fin, alluding to the fact that it was likely a “high-speed
Pulmonary circulation: circulation from heart to lungs
Systemic circulation: circulation from lungs to organs
Gas exchange is the movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and the movement of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs. This exchange occurs in the capillaries, which are microscopic vessels in the lungs.
In humans, nutrients and oxygen are transferred through the bloodstream. Cells can’t rely solely on diffusion, so this transport system is important.
Gas Exchange in Cells
Diffusion is the movement through a cell membrane from low to high concentration, and it is what occurs to move oxygen across the membrane. It occurs in the alveoli and the villi.
The mitochondria releases oxygen as a result …show more content…
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, and anaerobic respiration does not. Instead it has different electron acceptors. However, they both use carbon dioxide and occur in the mitochondria.
Gas exchange in sharks occurs in the gills, and the gill slits found at the side of the head. Sharks have a high oxygen demand, and oxygenated water constantly has to be flowing over the gill filaments for the respiratory system to work. That’s actually why sharks have to swim while they sleep! Water enters through the mouth and the oxygen from the water enters the gill filaments, and the water then exits through the gill slits.
A shark heart is an S-shaped tube with two chambers: a ventricle and an atrium. In sharks, blood is pumped through the afferent branchial arteries to the capillaries found in the gills, is oxygenated, and then flows through the efferent arteries and to the rest of the body. Because a shark’s blood pressure is very low, they must be constantly moving to keep circulation going.
Chromosomes are structures of protein and nucleic acids found in the nucleus that hold DNA in the form of genes, which are transferred from parent to offspring which determines the order of the monomers in a nucleic acid molecule. A haploid cell means that it only has half the chromosomes, so it’s from one parent, while a diploid cell has a full set of chromosomes with half from each …show more content…
When a population migrates, the new location has different conditions then the previous one, so different characteristics may prove to be better for survival. If before, having a short beak was better for getting food and now long beaks are better because of the change of food. So, those that survive and reproduce will likely be those with long beaks, and that is the trait that gets passed on. That’s what the concept of natural selection is.
Mutations are random changes in that give rise to new alleles. We talked about this one earlier.
Geographic isolation is what happens when mating between to populations of the same species does not occur because they never meet up. That means that over time, speciation (creation of a new species) can occur because the allele frequency can continue to polarize over time.
Ancient sharks began to develop traits that allowed them to adapt to the changing environment. When the first sharks were around, the world looked very different: there were only two large continents. Shark teeth became larger and sharper, brain size and shape changed, and the physique altered over time. Paleoanthropologists have determined multiple stages of the shark evolutionary path. Around 370 million years ago, the Cladoselache had a short and rounded snout, was approximately four feet long, and had a proportionate tail fin, alluding to the fact that it was likely a “high-speed