Mammals:
Description:
Mammals are warm-blooded animals so they are able to live in almost any climate in the world. They are a vertebrate, which means they have a backbone or spine. Most live on land and they typically give birth to live young.
Description of gas exchange:
In mammals gas exchange takes place in the lungs. Mammals inhale oxygen though their mouth as part of ventilation and exhales carbon dioxide. The air travels down the trachea before it branches off into the two bronchi. Branching off the bronchi are the bronchioles that transport the air to the alveoli where gas exchange takes place. The alveoli are air sacs.
The diaphragm also plays a key role; it relaxes and contracts, during inhaling and exhaling. The ribs and …show more content…
They have a backbone and are limbless; they usually have scales as well as fins that they use for balance and to steer through the water.
Description of gas exchange:
As fish live in water their gas exchange system is somewhat different to that of terrestrial animals. They use fragile gills. It is a lot harder to obtain enough oxygen from the water as the concentration is so low, only about 4% and the fish are only able to extract 80% of this. Fish suck water in through their mouth and it flows over the gills. Four bony arches support the gills. The gills are composed of gill filaments that contain parallel lamella. Lamella are thin delicate plate like structures with thin cell walls. The water then leaves through the operculum.
Explain adaptations and link to gas …show more content…
They have developed many adaptations to exploit the resources in the water. Fish’s gas exchange surface is always moist because it constantly has water flowing over it. Gills are more efficient than lungs. If fish had lungs they would not be able to obtain enough oxygen. Ventilation is very important in fish. It is a mechanism which maintains diffusion gradients. It is the process of the fish opening its mouth to allow the water to flow into buccal cavity. The fish then closes its mouth and the water is forced over the gills. The flow of the water is unidirectional. Once the water has travelled over the gills it leaves through the operculum. This maintains the concentration gradient. The most important adaptation that the fish has developed is counter current flow. This is when the water travels in the opposite direction to the blood to maintain a constant concentration gradient. The reason that this is so important in fish is because if both water and blood flowed in the same direction the concentration of oxygen in the blood would become higher than that in the water. This would mean that oxygen would diffuse back into the water. Resulting in less oxygen in the bloodstream and the fish would not be able to survive. This adaptation ensures a constant concentration gradient. Some fish even swim upstream to help maintain a constant concentration gradient. In
Description:
Mammals are warm-blooded animals so they are able to live in almost any climate in the world. They are a vertebrate, which means they have a backbone or spine. Most live on land and they typically give birth to live young.
Description of gas exchange:
In mammals gas exchange takes place in the lungs. Mammals inhale oxygen though their mouth as part of ventilation and exhales carbon dioxide. The air travels down the trachea before it branches off into the two bronchi. Branching off the bronchi are the bronchioles that transport the air to the alveoli where gas exchange takes place. The alveoli are air sacs.
The diaphragm also plays a key role; it relaxes and contracts, during inhaling and exhaling. The ribs and …show more content…
They have a backbone and are limbless; they usually have scales as well as fins that they use for balance and to steer through the water.
Description of gas exchange:
As fish live in water their gas exchange system is somewhat different to that of terrestrial animals. They use fragile gills. It is a lot harder to obtain enough oxygen from the water as the concentration is so low, only about 4% and the fish are only able to extract 80% of this. Fish suck water in through their mouth and it flows over the gills. Four bony arches support the gills. The gills are composed of gill filaments that contain parallel lamella. Lamella are thin delicate plate like structures with thin cell walls. The water then leaves through the operculum.
Explain adaptations and link to gas …show more content…
They have developed many adaptations to exploit the resources in the water. Fish’s gas exchange surface is always moist because it constantly has water flowing over it. Gills are more efficient than lungs. If fish had lungs they would not be able to obtain enough oxygen. Ventilation is very important in fish. It is a mechanism which maintains diffusion gradients. It is the process of the fish opening its mouth to allow the water to flow into buccal cavity. The fish then closes its mouth and the water is forced over the gills. The flow of the water is unidirectional. Once the water has travelled over the gills it leaves through the operculum. This maintains the concentration gradient. The most important adaptation that the fish has developed is counter current flow. This is when the water travels in the opposite direction to the blood to maintain a constant concentration gradient. The reason that this is so important in fish is because if both water and blood flowed in the same direction the concentration of oxygen in the blood would become higher than that in the water. This would mean that oxygen would diffuse back into the water. Resulting in less oxygen in the bloodstream and the fish would not be able to survive. This adaptation ensures a constant concentration gradient. Some fish even swim upstream to help maintain a constant concentration gradient. In