Respiratory Pharmacology For Step 1

Front 1

1st generation H1 blockers
diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

Back 1

- reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
-can cross blood brain barrier
- used for allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
-tox: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-aplha adrenergic

Front 2

2nd generation H1 blockers
loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine

Back 2

- blocks H1 receptors but decreased entry into the CNS
-used for allergy
LESS SEDATION than first generation

cetirizine can be used in BPH b/c it is far less antimuscarinic than the others

Front 3

asthma drug isoproteronol

Back 3

- nonspecific beta agonist. relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
-adverse effect is tachycrdia (B1)

Front 4

asthma drug albuterol

Back 4

- B2 agonist. relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
-use during an ACUTE attack

Front 5

asthma drug salmeterol

Back 5

- B2 agonist. long acting agent for prophylaxis
-adverse effects are tremor and arrythmia

Front 6

asthma- (methylxanthines)- theophylline

Back 6

- causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase thereby decreasing cAMP hydrolysis.
- narrow therapeutic index. cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity
- metabolized by P450
- treat overdose with a beta blocker

Front 7

asthma drug
muscarinic antagonists
ipratroprium

Back 7

- competitive block of muscarinic receptors, prevent bronchoconstriction
- used for COPD

Front 8

cromolyn

Back 8

- prevents release of mediators from mast cells
-used ONLY for prophylaxis of asthma

Front 9

corticosteroids
beclomethasone, prednisone

Back 9

- inhibits phospholipase thereby inhibiting sythesis of virtually all cytokines. inactivate NF-kB, the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-alpha
-used for chronic asthma

Front 10

antileukotrienes
zileuton

Back 10

- 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor
- blocks conversion of arachadonic acid to leukotrienes

Front 11

antileukotriene
zafirlukast, montelukast

Back 11

- block leuktriene receptors
-good for aspirin induced asthma

Front 12

guaifenesin (Robitussin)

Back 12

- expectorant- removes excess sputum
- does not suppress cough reflex

Front 13

N-acetylcysteine

Back 13

- mucolytic
- can loosen mucus plugs in CF patients
- also used as an antidote for amphetamine poisoning (replenishes glutathione)