Asexual Reproduction

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Asexual Reproduction

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When an organism makes an identical copy (clone).

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Asexual Reporduction involves a process called...

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Mitosis. During this process the chromosomes duplicate, ripped apart, then the cell splits in half.

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The five steps of Mitosis

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I.P.M.A.T (Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)

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Interphase

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This is when the chromosomes are replicated or doubled. The nucleus is still present with chromosomes inside.

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Prophase

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The chromosomes and their replicas are in a X shape, with one half containing the original and the other the replica. The nuclear membrane disappears and the centrioles appear.

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Metaphase

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The chromosomes line up in one line down the middle. Centrioles make spindle fibers and attach to each side of the chromosomes.

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Anaphase

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The spindle fibers pull the original and the replica chromosomes apart to each end of the cell.

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Telophase

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The cell splits in half and two identical diploid daughter cells are made.

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Cytokinesis

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Divides cytoplasm

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Plant mitosis

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Since the cell wall doesn't pinch in half, a new cell wall has to be built.

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Asexual Reproduction Facts

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1 organism, makes clone, does mitosis, used by skin and body cells, done by amoeba, identical genes, low survival rate, low evolution rate, 1 round of divison.

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Diploid number

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The normal amount of chromosomes a member of a species has in each non-gamate cell. Symbol is 2n.

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Haploid number

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Half the diploid number and the amount of chromosomes one gamete has. Symbol is n.

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Human diploid and haploid number

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46 and 23

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Fruit Fly diploid and haploid number

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8 and 4

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Monera Asexual Reproduction

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Binary Fisson

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Protista Asexual Reproduction

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Binary Fisson

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Fungi Asexual Reproduction

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Sporulation (Yeast can also bud)

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Plant Asexual Reproduction

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Vegetative Propagation

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Animal Asexual Reproduction

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Binary Fisson (Hydra can also bud or regenerate)

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Budding

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The chromosomes are copied identically, but there's an unequal division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis

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Binary Fisson

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The cell divides equally into two genetically identical cells.

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Sporulation

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Spores are cloned cells, which develops in a case. When the case is full, it ruptures and the spores go in the air.

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Vegetative Propagation

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When part of a plant is used to produce an identical plant. Natural Ex: Leaf cutting, runners, corms, tubers, bulbs. Artificial Ex: Grafting

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Regeneration

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To regrow lost parts. Ex. Starfish, planaria, some lizards.