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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of the Renal System?
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The function of the renal system is to regulate the volume, composition and pH of body fluids.
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The functional unit of the kidney is
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The Nephron
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Which way does water move in osmosis?
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TOWARDS the higher concentration of salt.
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What forms the "strainer" in the kidney?
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The glomerular capillary, the basal membrane, and visceral layer of Bowman's capsule- the podocytes.
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What does autoregulation keep constant?
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The amount of fluid that enters Bowman's capsule (the glomerular filtration rate, or GFR)
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What is the GFR
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The Glomerular Filtration Rate, the total amount of fluid that enters Bowman's capsule and then the proximal convoluted tubule (in all the nephrons)
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What does the filtrate look like?
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Like plasma, but no large proteins can get through the filter.
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Is glucose found in the filtrate?
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Yes, it flows freely through the filter and is found in the filtrate,
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What pressure forces fluid OUT of the glomerular capillary?
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The hydrostatic pressure in the capillary, just like any other capillary
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Which pressure pulls fluid back into the glomerular capillary?
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The COP, or colloid osmotic pressure. The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule also pushes fluid back into the capillary.
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What does the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capsule do?
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It opposes the formation of filtrate- the higher this pressure, the LESS filtrate is formed.
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What gives rise to the colloid osmotic pressure?
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Albumin in the capillary provides the colloid osmotic pressure
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What pressure does the body change to change the GFR?
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The hydrostatic pressure in the capillary
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What can happen to material in the renal tubules?
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It can be filtered only,
filtered and partially reabsorbed, filtered and completed reabsorbed, or filtered and secreted (more added by renal tubular cells) |
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How much glucose is found in the urine?
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Normally all the glucose that is filtered is reabsorbed, so none!
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Is glucose found in the urine |
No, it is filtered, but completely reabsorbed. |
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How many nephrons are in a kidney?
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One million in each kidney.
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What is the renal blood flow in 24 hours?
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Around 1,500 liters
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What is a normal GFR in ml / minute?
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Around 125 ml/ min
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Which substances might you expect to be filtered and completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules?
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Substances that the body needs to retain, like glucose and amino acids. |
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What substances would you expect to be filtered, not absorbed, and secreted by renal tubular cells? |
Substances that the body needs to excrete in large amounts, like H+ and K+ |
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What substances would you expect to be filtered, and partially absorbed by renal tubular cells? |
Substances that need to be regulated in body fluids, like Na+ |
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What substances would you expect to be filtered, and not absorbed by renal tubular cells? |
Substances that the body needs to excrete, like creatinine (a muscle breakdown product) |
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What detects the flow rate in the nephron and signals the juxtaglomerular apparatus? |
The macula densa in the distal convoluted tubule. |
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus (dilates, constricts) the afferent arteriole to increase the GFR.
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Dilates
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Renin is released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus. When angiotensin is formed, what effect does it have on the renal corpuscle?
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Constricts the efferent arteriole
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Renin is released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus. When angiotensin is formed, what effect does it have on the GFR?
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Increases the GFR by constricting the efferent arteriole.
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Consider glomerular capillary dynamics. What would an increase in Albumin in plasma do?
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It would increase the COP, and so reduce GFR
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What parts of the nephron have fluid that is al
ways the same osmolarity as plasma? |
The Proximal Convoluted Tubule
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ADH works on what parts of the nephron?
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The Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting Duct
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What is the effect of ADH on the fluid in the nephron?
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It INCREASES the osmolarity by allowing water to be pulled out by the hyperosmolar renal medulla
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What causes the hyperosmolar environment in the renal medulla?
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The countercurrent mechanism
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Without ADH, the fluid in the Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting Duct is ? Osmolar?
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Lower osmolarity than plasma
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With high levels of ADH, the fluid in the Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting Duct is ? Osmolar?
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Higher osmolarity than plasma
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What happens in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
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Na+ is pumped, but water cannot follow
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What substance regulates the final concentrations of Na+ and K+ in the kidney?
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ALDO in the Distal Convoluted Tubule
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