Rad 120- T1

Front 1

Know the date and person who discovered x-rays

Back 1

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, November 8, 1985

Front 2

Radiographer

Back 2

Produces/evaluates images for quality.

DOES NOT READ IMAGE/DIAGNOSE

Front 3

Radiologist

Back 3

Medical doctor who reads exams, Medical school and 4 years residency

Front 4

Contrast Study/Contrast Material or media

Back 4

contrast dye (ex: barium)

Radiologist/RRA in room. By Injection, Ingestion or Edema

Front 5

Nuclear Medicine

Back 5

Radioactive injections.

Radioactive material or radiopharmaceuticals to examine organ function/structure.

Front 6

Ultrasound(Diagnostic Medical Sonography)

Back 6

High frequency sound waves to produce images of internal body structure. No radiation

Front 7

Radiation Therapy

Back 7

Treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer. External beam. (X-rays, proton, energy)

Front 8

CT Scanning

Back 8

Cross sectional x-ray image

Can show soft tissues, blood vessels, and bones in various parts of the body.

Front 9

Angiography

Back 9

Examination by x-ray of blood/lymph vessels, organs, heart chambers, etc. Contrast Material used, Radiopaque substance.

Front 10

MRI

Back 10

Magnetic energy using no radiation. Magnetic waves, magnetic fields and radio waves to form a picture of anatomy.

Front 11

National agency responsible for the accreditation of radiography programs

Back 11

JCERT - Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology

Front 12

National agency responsible for administering the Registry exam for certification of radiography program graduates.

Back 12

ARRT- American Registry of Radiologic Technologist

Front 13

Preferred/accepted titles for the Diagnostic x-ray technologist-

Back 13

Radiologic Technologist, X-ray Technologist, X-ray Tech, Rad Tech

NOT TECHNICIANS

Front 14

Body Mechanics

Back 14

Proper body alignment, movement, posture and balance

Front 15

Body Mechanics importance

Back 15

To prevent injury to muscles, tendons, ligaments & joints

Front 16

Base of Support

Back 16

The portion of the body that is in contact with the floor- space between feet

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Front 17

Center of Gravity

Back 17

The point around which the weight of the body is balanced- area or pelvis

X

Front 18

Line of Gravity

Back 18

Vertical line passing through the center of gravity

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Front 19

Rules of Body Mechanics

Back 19

-Maintain wide base of support: 8 inches apart

-Keep body equally balanced over both parallel feet

-Keep load close to center of gravity

Back straight

-Use leg,arm,abdominal muscles

-Bend at knees not waist

-Turn body as unit: don't segment

Front 20

Best way to move a heavy load and why?

Back 20

Pull don't push. To prevent injury

Front 21

#1 cause of days lost from work among health are workers such as radiographers and nurses

Back 21

Back pain/injury

Front 22

Professional Ethics

Back 22

Collection or standards adopted by professional community.

Personal and corporate standard of behavior expected by professionals.

Front 23

Code of Ethics, several principles

Back 23

Code of Ethics- expectations. Act professionally, respectfully without discrimination, use equipment as accepted. standard of practice, responsible for professional decisions, diagnosis is outside scope of practice, patients right to quality care/privacy, strive to continually improve knowledge

Front 24

Rules of Ethics and several principles

Back 24

Rules of Ethics- Law. Fraud or deceptive practices, subversion, unprofessional conduct, scope of practice violations, being used to practice, improper management of patient records, violation of state laws/ federal laws/regulatory rules. Failure to report violations or errors.

Front 25

Patients' Bill of Rights

Back 25

-Considerable/Respectful care

-Obtaining information such as diagnosis/treatment

-Know identity of physicians and nurses

-Right to make decisions about plan it fare prior/during procedure care and refuse

-Privacy

-communications/records confidentiality

-review records

-informed of hospital policies

Front 26

Right to Privacy, how it relates to care of the patient in the radiology department

Back 26

All patients have the right to have information concerning their state of health

Personal information not disclosed to anyone uninvolved with patients care

Front 27

Importance of checking the patients name band and other factors associated with good patient communication

Back 27

Lowers chance of misidentifying patient, positive therapeutic skills for patients to feel valued

Front 28

How to respond to patients when they ask what the x-ray showed

Back 28

Rad Techs do not read images, radiologist does. Outside of our scope of practice

Front 29

Know several ways to communicate non verbally with patients (positive and negative)

Back 29

Facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, touch(positive or negative), professional appearance, room readiness

Front 30

Professional vs Unprofessional appearance, conduct, and behavior

Back 30

Professional: Hair tied back, clean short nails, ethical behavior

Unprofessional: wrinkled scrubs, running back and forth (unreadiness), etc.

Front 31

Addressing patient as "sweetie" or "honey"

Back 31

Can be viewed as disrespectful

Front 32

How to positively identify the patient if he or she does not have on an identification bracelet

Back 32

Medical records, 2 methods of identification

Front 33

Empathy vs Sympathy, which is most appropriate for the Radiographer.

Back 33

Empathy- the ability to share in the emotions/feelings of your patient without sympathy or pity. Converts genuine care/concern (IDEAL)

Sympathy- Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortunes

Front 34

Order for x-ray unclear

Back 34

Converse with physician

Front 35

Communicate with elderly, pediatric, hard of hearing, comatose and non English speakers

Back 35

Elderly- Talk slowly not shout

Pediatric- Explain process/entertain

Hard of hearing- Get closer and talk slowly

Comatose- talk as if they were conscious

Non English Speaker- Use interpreter

*Use gestures/act out part, face to face, rephrase and summarize, speak slow not loud and avoid uncommon words

Front 36

Importance of obtaining complete/accurate medical history from patient

Back 36

Ex: Are they sedated?

Have knowledge of any implants such as pacemaker that can affect images.

Front 37

Importance of introduction to patient and explaining procedure

Back 37

Quality patient care can reduce anxiety and have patient feeling valued.

Instructions

Front 38

Trendelenburg

Back 38

Head lower than rest of body, feet elevated

Front 39

High Fowlers

Back 39

45-90 degree elevated (upper body)

Front 40

Semi-Fowlers position

Back 40

15-30 degrees elevated (upper body)

Front 41

Supine

Back 41

Face up

Front 42

Prone

Back 42

Face down

Front 43

Patient with abdominal/back pain, how to make them more comfortable when using x-ray table

Back 43

Use sheet, blanket, pads, can sit if waiting long period of time

Front 44

Prevent decubitus ulcers while on x-ray table for extended period of time

Back 44

-Change position (relieve pressure/blood flow)

-Circulation impairment- blanching

-Pads under susceptible areas

Front 45

Dress vs Undressing Patient

Back 45

Undress clothing from unaffected side first

Dress clothing from affected side first

Keep patient covered as much as possible, no unnecessary person's in room, provide privacy & modesty, cut clothing (permission needed), soiled gowns change immediately

Hint 45

(31:14 Patient Care/Safety Lecture video)

Front 46

Conditions which may cause difficulty for patient

Back 46

Kyphosis (humpback),

Abdominal pain (painful to lie flat),

Orthopnea (difficulty breathing lying down),

Head injury

Dyspnea (High Fowlers)

Syncope/shock (dorsal recumbent)

Tracheostomy (semi/high Fowlers)

Back pain(bend knees, sponge support)

Post myelogram (35-40 Fowlers)

Post Hip Replacement (Turn toward operative hip)

Front 47

Describe the importance of close patient monitoring at all times in terms of safety as well as to relieve patient anxiety

Back 47

Prevent injury, reassure patient

Front 48

3 basics modes of transporting patient to radiology department

Back 48

Ambulatory,

Stretcher/Gurney,

Wheelchair

Front 49

What is ambulatory?

Back 49

Patient walks to x-ray department. Not very common or safe

Front 50

3 ways of moving an immobile patient from a stretcher to the x-ray table

Back 50

Draw sheet,

Glider board/slipper,

Logroll

Front 51

Know how to position the wheelchair in relation to the x-ray table before locking the wheels and standing the patient uo

Back 51

Stand-Pivot-Sit method

Front 52

Safety guidelines when transporting patients from a stretcher/wheelchair

Back 52

Lock wheels/arms on stretcher & wheelchair, never stand patient if in doubt of their condition.

Front 53

Know what a draw sheet is and how it is used to help facilitate patient transfer from a stretcher to x-ray table

Back 53

Heavy gauge half size sheet placed under patient, rolled edges act as handles with sheet pulled tight, 2 transporters on each side and one at head

Front 54

4 major classifications of microorganisms

Back 54

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protists

Front 55

Cycle or infection

Back 55

1) Reservoir (environment)

2) Portal (open wound/mucous membrane)

3) Means of Transmission (airborne, droplet, contact)

4) Portal of Entry (ingested/inhaled/sex)

Front 56

5 modes of transmission of the spread of infection

Back 56

1) Contact (Direct- through source, Indirect- contaminated obj.)

2) Droplet (cough, sneeze, talking)

3) Airborne/Suspended (inhaled)

4) Vehicle (contaminated food, water, drugs, blood)

5) Vector (animal sting/bite)

Front 57

Nosocomial infection

Back 57

Hospital acquired infection

HAI - Healthcare Associated zinfexrion

Front 58

Pathogen

Back 58

Disease causing microbes

Front 59

Fomite

Back 59

Inanimate object which carries and transmits pathogens

Front 60

Vector

Back 60

animal transmission by sting/bite

Front 61

Medical asepsis

Back 61

Removal of microorganisms by soap, water, friction and chemical disinfectants (sanitizer)

Front 62

Surgical asepsis

Back 62

Removal of microorganisms and their spores destroyed by means of heat or by chemical process

Front 63

Sterilization

Back 63

Any process that removes, kills or deactivates all forms of life

Front 64

Disinfection

Back 64

Removal of pathogens from objects through mechanical and chemical processes

Front 65

Spore

Back 65

Dormant bacteria protected by hard covering, lives in adverse conditions

Front 66

Proper hand-washing technique

Back 66

2 minute hand washing aseptic technique (30 seconds between patients)

Front 67

Various techniques of infection control which should be practiced routinely by all health care workers

Back 67

Medical aseptic techniques and use of Standard Precautions

Front 68

3 most common microorganisms which are responsible for causing the majority of hospital acquired infections

Back 68

MRSA, VRE, E. coli, C diff

Front 69

Best means to prevent spread of disease in a medical setting

Back 69

Washing hands

Front 70

Isolation techniques

Back 70

Placement in a private room or with a select roommate

The use of protective barriers such as:

Masks, gowns and gloves, special emphasis on hand-washing and special handling of contaminated articles

Front 71

"Category specific" or "transmission based" isolation

Back 71

Seperate patient who has contagious illness from other hospitalized patients and health care workers.

Airborne, droplet, contact

Front 72

Identify the various categories of isolation

Back 72

Airborne, droplet, contact, expanded

Front 73

Patients where protective or reverse isolation might be required

Back 73

Transplant recipients, chemotherapy patients, immunocompromised

Front 74

# of techs needed to radiograph patient in isolation

Back 74

2

Front 75

Clean tech and dirty tech

Back 75

Clean tech: doesn't touch patient, only x ray equipment and uncovered image receptor. Places IR in cover and hands to dirty tech

Dirty tech: touching only the patient and covered IR, holds IR by the cover allowing clean tech to take it without touching the cover

Front 76

What to do first when undressing after isolation radiography

Back 76

Discard it in a red, infectious waste, plastic bag

Front 77

Protective device for tech to wear under respiratory or droplet precautions

Back 77

Respiratory: N95 MASK

Droplet: surgical mask within 3 feet

Front 78

What must be done to portable machine after isolation case

Back 78

Disinfect

Front 79

AIDS

Back 79

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Retrovirus (destroys immune system)

Front 80

What virus causes AIDS

Back 80

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

Front 81

Primary factors associated with contraction of AIDS virus

Back 81

80-90% 3 year prognosis, high mortality rate, incurable, opportunistic infections

Front 82

What body substances transmit AIDS

Back 82

Sex, blood transfusion, mucus membrane/open lesion exposed to infected body fluids, mother to child in utero/delivery, breast feeding.

DOES NOT saliva, tears sweat, CSF, urine, amniotic fluid

Front 83

Symptoms of patient with AIDS

Back 83

Phase 4: flu like/persistent symptoms, Enlarged lymph nodes, dramatic weight loss, fatigue, fever, diarrhea, neurological disorders

Front 84

2 diseases characteristic of a patient who is HIV positive

Back 84

Kaposi's Sarcoma- malignant tumor of endothelium (lesions/tumors)

Pneumocystis Carinii- pneumonia caused by protozoa (SOB and nonproductive cough)

Front 85

Are health care workers at risk for contracting HIV virus following standard precautions

Back 85

Relatively low risk due to standard precautions