Public Speaking Chapters 4, 5, And 6

Front 1

attitude

Back 1

a feeling of approval or disapproval of a person, group, idea, or event

Front 2

audience type

Back 2

classification of an audience based on whether they are friendly, neutral or impartial, uninterested or indifferent, or hostile

Front 3

belief

Back 3

the mental acceptance that something is true even if we can't prove that it is

Front 4

demographic information

Back 4

information about audience characteristics, such as age, gender, marital status, education economic status, occupation, college major, political beliefs, religion, cultural background, and group identification

Front 5

framing

Back 5

fitting your message to the audience

Front 6

friendly audience

Back 6

an audience that has heard you speak before, has heard positive things about your, or is simply sold on your topic

Front 7

hostile audience

Back 7

the greatest challenge of an audience because they are predisposed to dislike you, your topic, or both

Front 8

instrumental value

Back 8

a guide for conduct in fulfilling terminal values

Front 9

need

Back 9

a state in which some sort of unsatisfied condition exists

Front 10

neutral or impartial audience

Back 10

an audience that considers itself objective, rational, and open to new information

Front 11

situational information

Back 11

includes audience size, memebers' general expectations about the topic, and the nature of other speeches at the event

Front 12

terminal value

Back 12

ideal states of being

Front 13

theory of reasoned action

Back 13

people rationally calculate the costs and benefits of engaging in a particular action and think carefully about how others will view the behavior under consideration

Front 14

uninterested or indifferent audience

Back 14

listeners have a short attention span and often with they were someplace else

Front 15

value

Back 15

deep-seated principles that serve as personal guidelines for behavior

Front 16

psychological information about audience

Back 16

attitudes, beliefs, values, needs

Front 17

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Back 17

Physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs

Front 18

alternate search engine

Back 18

use nonstandard means of sorting or ranking the Web pages it finds in a search

Front 19

Boolean operator

Back 19

OR, AND, and NOT words used in search engines

Front 20

exact purpose

Back 20

a clear, simple sentence that specifies exactly what you want your audience to gain from the speech

Front 21

keyword search

Back 21

looks for websites that contain a specific word or phrase

Front 22

paraphrasing

Back 22

putting another person's ideas into your own words

Front 23

rough-draft outline

Back 23

a brief outline of the main points of a speech and possible supporting information, which is prepared before research is begun

Front 24

search engine

Back 24

utilites or tools that search the Internet and download request information

Front 25

supporting materials

Back 25

any type or verbal or visual information used to clarify, prove, or add interest to the ideas presented in your speech

Front 26

Determing your topic

Back 26

fits the type of speech, you already know a lot about, interests you, can make interesting and valuable to your audience

Front 27

using the internet with care

Back 27

preparing for online searches, selecting a search engine, conducting effective searches, evaluating internet sources, finding quality websites

Front 28

comparison

Back 28

another type of underused supporting material that are effective in adding interest and clarifying points for your listeners

Front 29

demonstration

Back 29

uses objects or people to explain or clarify an idea

Front 30

expert opinion

Back 30

when you refer to the ideas of an expert on your topic

Front 31

explanation

Back 31

defines or gives more information about a term or topic, gives instructions on how to do something, or describes how something works or the relationship between certain items

Front 32

figurative comparison

Back 32

used for two or more items from different classes or categories

Front 33

instance

Back 33

an example or illustration that is used to clarify, add interest, and prove a point

Front 34

literal comparison

Back 34

shows similarities or differences between two or more items in the same class or category

Front 35

statistics

Back 35

often overused support. numbers used to show relationships between items

Front 36

overused supports

Back 36

explanations, statistics

Front 37

underused supports

Back 37

instances, comparisons: literal and figurative, expert opinions, fables, sayings, poems, and rhymes, demonstrations

Front 38

supports used for clarification

Back 38

explanations, hypothetical instances, figurative comparisons, fables, sayings, poems, and rhymes, demonstrations

Front 39

supports used for both clarification and proof

Back 39

statistics, factual instances, literal comparisons, expert opinions