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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Administration
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the management and direction of the affairs of governments and institutions; a collective term for all policymaking officials of a government; the execution and implementation of public policy.
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Executive branch
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the part of a government responsible for applying or administering the law. Thus a president, governor, or mayor and the supporting bureaucracies are the executive branches or their respective jurisdictions.
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Professional
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a member of an occupation requiring specialized knowledge that can be gained only after intensive preparation. Professional occupations tend to possess three features: a body of academic and practical knowledge that is applied to the service of society, a standard of success theoretically measured by serving the needs of society rather than seeking purely personal gain, and a system of control over the professional practice.
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Management
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- a word that refers to both the people responsible for running an organization and the running process itself: the use of numerous resources (such as employees and machines) to accomplish an organizational goal.
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Public administration
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Whatever governments do for good or ill… it is public administration’s political context that makes it public-that distinguishes it from private or business administration.
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Public interest
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the universal label in which political actors wrap the policies and programs that they advocate.
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Public policy
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Decision making by government. Governments are constantly concerned about what they should or should not do. And whatever they do or do not do is public policy.
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Red tape
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The ribbon that was once used to bind government documents; the term now stands as the symbol of excessive official formality and overattetion to prescribed routines.
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Regulation
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The totality of government controls on the social and economic activities of its citizens; the rulemaking process of those administrative agencies charged with the official interpretation of laws.
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Agenda setting
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- The process by which ideas or issues bubble up through the various channels to wind up for consideration by a political institution such as a legislature or court.
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Administration
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the management and direction of the affairs of governments and institutions; a collective term for all policymaking officials of a government; the execution and implementation of public policy.
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Executive branch
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the part of a government responsible for applying or administering the law. Thus a president, governor, or mayor and the supporting bureaucracies are the executive branches or their respective jurisdictions.
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Professional
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a member of an occupation requiring specialized knowledge that can be gained only after intensive preparation. Professional occupations tend to possess three features: a body of academic and practical knowledge that is applied to the service of society, a standard of success theoretically measured by serving the needs of society rather than seeking purely personal gain, and a system of control over the professional practice.
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Management
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- a word that refers to both the people responsible for running an organization and the running process itself: the use of numerous resources (such as employees and machines) to accomplish an organizational goal.
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Public administration
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Whatever governments do for good or ill… it is public administration’s political context that makes it public-that distinguishes it from private or business administration.
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Public interest
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the universal label in which political actors wrap the policies and programs that they advocate.
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Public policy
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Decision making by government. Governments are constantly concerned about what they should or should not do. And whatever they do or do not do is public policy.
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Red tape
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The ribbon that was once used to bind government documents; the term now stands as the symbol of excessive official formality and overattetion to prescribed routines.
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Regulation
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The totality of government controls on the social and economic activities of its citizens; the rulemaking process of those administrative agencies charged with the official interpretation of laws.
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Agenda setting
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- The process by which ideas or issues bubble up through the various channels to wind up for consideration by a political institution such as a legislature or court.
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Implementation
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Putting a government program into effect; the total process of translating a legal mandate, whether a executive order or enacted statue, into appropriate program directives and structures that provide services or create goods.
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Incremental decision
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making model- a view of public policy making that assumes that small decision made at the margins of problems are the usual reality or change.
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Organizational culture
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The culture that exists within an organization; a parallel but smaller version of a societal culture.
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Pluralism
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a theory of government that attempts to reaffirm the democratic character of society by asserting that open, multiple, competing, and responsive groups preserve traditional democratic values in a mass industrial state. Pluralism assumes that power will shift from group to group as elements in the mass public transfer their allegiance in response to their perceptions of their individual interests.
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Political culture
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that part of the overall societal culture that determines a community’s attitude toward the quality, style, and vigor of its political processes and government operations.
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Program evaluation
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The systematic examination of any activity undertaken by government to make a determination about its affects, both short term and long range.
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Public program
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All those activities designed to implement a public policy; often this calls for the creation of organizations, public agencies, and bureaus.
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Rational decision-making model
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a view of the public policy making process that assumes complete information and a systematic, logical, and comprehensive approach to change.
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Republic
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a form of government in which sovereignty resides in the people who elect agents to represent them in a political decision making
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Separation of powers
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- The allocation of powers among the three branches of government so that they are a check upon each other. This separating, in theory, makes a tyrannical concentration of power possible.
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Brownlow committee
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A committee appointed by president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1963 for the purpose of diagnosing the staffing needs of the president and making appropriate recommendations for the reorganization of the executive branch.
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Bureau movement
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The efforts of progressive reformers early in the twentieth century to apply scientific methods to municipal problems. Their efforts led to the creation of research bureaus, which in turn created the academic field of public administration.
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Cabinet
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the heads of the executive departments of a jurisdiction who report to and advise its chief executive: examples would include the presidents cabinet, the government cabinet, and the mayor’s cabinet
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Cabinet government
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the British system, whereby the cabinet as a whole, rather than only the prime minister who heads it, is considered the executive and the cabinet is collectively responsible to the parliament for its performance. In addition, the cabinet ministers are typically drawn from among the majority party’s members in parliament, whereas in the united states the cabinet secretaries are only from the executive branch.
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Constitutional architecture
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The administrative arrangements created by a government’s constitution- from the separation of powers to the requirement that specific departments be created or services performed.
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Dillon’s rule
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The criteria developed by stated courts to determine the nature and extent of powers granted to local governments
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Executive office of the president (EOP)-
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The umbrella office consisting of the top presidential staff agencies that provide the president help and advice in carrying out his major responsibilities. The EOP was created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt under the authority of the reorganization act of 1939. Since then, presidents have used executive orders, reorganization plans, and legislative initiatives to reorganize, expand, or contract the EOP.
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Grace commission
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an attempt made by the Reagan administration to have business leaders study and reform the federal government; much was studied, little was reformed.
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Hoover commissions
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The post world war 2 efforts to reorganize the federal government.
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Non profit organization
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an organization created and operated for public or societal purposes (such as alleviation of property) rather than private benefit purposes (such as return on shareholder’s investments).
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Privatization
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the process of returning to the private sector property or functions previously owned or performed by government.
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Regulatory commission
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An independent agency created by a government to regulate some aspect of economic life.
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Reinventing government
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The latest manifestation of the progressive tradition of continuously improving government- this time with an emphasis on privatization.
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Block grant
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a grant distributed in accordance with a statutory formula for use in a variety of activities within a broad functional area, largely at the recipient’s discretion.
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Categorical grant
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a grant that can be used only for specific, narrowly defined activities- for example, to construct an interstate highway.
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Council of government (COG)-
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An organization of cooperating local governments seeking a regional approach to planning, development, transportation, environment and other issues.
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Devolution
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the transfer of power from a central to a local authority.
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Federalism
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a system of governance in which a national, overarching government shares power with sub national or state governments.
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Federalism, cooperative
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The notion that the national, state, and local governments are cooperating, interacting agents jointly working to solve common problems, rather than conflicting, sometimes hostile competitions, pursuing similar or possibly conflicting ends.
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Federalism, dual
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The nineteenth century concept, now no longer operational, that the functions and responsibilities of the federal and state governments were theoretically distinguished and functionally separate from each other.
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Federalism, marble-cake
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The concept that the cooperative relations among the varying levels of government result in an intermingling of activities; in contrast to the more traditional view of layer cake federalism, which holds that the three levels of government are totally or almost totally separate.
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Federalism, New
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The republican efforts begun during the Nixon administration to decentralize governmental functions by returning power and responsibility to the states. This trend was continued in the 1980s by the Reagan administration and culminated in the 1990s movement toward devolution.
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Federalism, picket fence
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the concept that bureaucratic specialists at the various levels of government (along with clientele groups) exercise considerable power over the nature of intergovernmental programs.
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Fiscal federalism
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the financial relations between and among units of government in a federal system. The theory of fiscal federalism, or multiunit government finance, is one part of branch of applied economics known as public finance.
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Grant
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an intergovernmental transfer of funds (or other assets). Since the new deal, state and local governments have become increasingly dependent on federal grants for an almost infinite variety of programs.
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Intergovernmental relations
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The complex network of interrelationships among governments; the political, fiscal, programmatic, and administrative processes by which higher unties of government share revenues and other resources with lower units of government, generally accompanied by special conditions that lower units must satisfy as a prerequisites to receiving the assistance.
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Mandating
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- One level of government requiring another to offer and or pay for a program as a matter of law of as a prerequisite to partial or full funding for either the program in question of other programs.
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Federalism, marble-cake
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The concept that the cooperative relations among the varying levels of government result in an intermingling of activities; in contrast to the more traditional view of layer cake federalism, which holds that the three levels of government are totally or almost totally separate.
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Federalism, New
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The republican efforts begun during the Nixon administration to decentralize governmental functions by returning power and responsibility to the states. This trend was continued in the 1980s by the Reagan administration and culminated in the 1990s movement toward devolution.
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Federalism, picket fence
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the concept that bureaucratic specialists at the various levels of government (along with clientele groups) exercise considerable power over the nature of intergovernmental programs.
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Fiscal federalism
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the financial relations between and among units of government in a federal system. The theory of fiscal federalism, or multiunit government finance, is one part of branch of applied economics known as public finance.
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Grant
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an intergovernmental transfer of funds (or other assets). Since the new deal, state and local governments have become increasingly dependent on federal grants for an almost infinite variety of programs.
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Intergovernmental relations
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The complex network of interrelationships among governments; the political, fiscal, programmatic, and administrative processes by which higher unties of government share revenues and other resources with lower units of government, generally accompanied by special conditions that lower units must satisfy as a prerequisites to receiving the assistance.
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Mandating
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- One level of government requiring another to offer and or pay for a program as a matter of law of as a prerequisite to partial or full funding for either the program in question of other programs.
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Accountability
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The extent to which one must answer to higher authority- legal or organizational- for ones actions in society at large or within ones particular organizational position.
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Big lie
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an untruth so great or audacious that it is bound to have an effect on public opinion.
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Bribery
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the giving of offering of anything of value with intent to unlawfully influence an official in the discharge of duties
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Casework
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the services performed by legislators and their staffs at the request of an on behalf of constituents.
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Code of ethics
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a statement of professional standards of conduct to which the practitioners of a profession say they subscribe.
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Common law
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the totality of judge made laws that initially developed in England and continued to evolve in the US
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Higher Law
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The notion that no matter what the laws of a state are, there remains a higher law to which a person has an even greater obligation.
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Honor
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The internalized moral compass by which the individuals ascertain correct behavior in public and private life; the perception by others of one reputation for integrity.
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Integrity
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The core of honor. Those who have integrity live up to their stated principles, values, and most importantly their word.
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Rule of law
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- a governing system in which the highest authority is a body of law that applies equally to all.
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Standards of conduct
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a compendium of ethical norms promulgated by an organization to guide behavior of its members.
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Watergate
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scandal that led to the resignation of President Nixon. Members of committee to reelect the president were caught breaking into the Democratic national committee.
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Administrative doctrine
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the rules, procedures, and ways of doing things that reflect the basic values of an organization
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Bureaucracy
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the totality of government officers; all of a government’s employees; a general invective to refer to any inefficient organization encumbered by red tape
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Classical theory
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the original theory about organizations that closely resemble military structures.
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Learning organization
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Peter senge’s term for organizations in which new patterns of thinking are nurtured and people are continually learning together to improve both the organization and their personal lives.
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Neoclassical theory
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- theoretical perspectives that revise, expand, or are critical of classical organization theory.
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Organization
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a group of people who jointly work to achieve at least one common goal.
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Organization theory
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a set of propositions that sees to explain or predict how groups and individuals behave in differing organizational arrangements.
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Paradigm
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an intellectual model for a situation or condition.
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Principles of management
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fundamental truths of working hypothesis that serve as guidelines to management thinking and action
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Scientific management
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a systemic approach to managing that seeks the “one best way” to accomplish any give task by discovering the fastest, most efficient, and least fatiguing production methods.
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System theory
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A view of organization as a complex set dynamically intertwined and interconnected elements, including its inputs, processes, out puts, feedback loops, and the environment in which it operates and with which it continuously interacts.
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