Psychology Test 1

Front 1

What is Psychology?

Back 1

The science of behavior and mental processes

Front 2

Observable actions of a person or animal

Back 2

Behavior

Front 3

Thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions, memories, dreams, motives, and other subjective experiences.

Back 3

Mind

Front 4

An objective way to answer questions based on observable facts/data and well-described methods

Back 4

Science

Front 5

Goals of psychology School

Back 5

To describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes.

Front 6

Structuralism School

Back 6

Edward Titchener and Wilhel wundt: 1)Goal was to identify basic structures/elements of conscious thought. 2 used introspection technique

Front 7

Functionalism School

Back 7

William James: 1) focused on how behaviors help us adapt to the environment 2) used descriptive approaches 3) school later evolved into cognitive and evolutionary perspectives

Front 8

Psychodynamic Perspective

Back 8

Views behavior based on unconscious aspects of our mind

Front 9

Psychoanalytic School

Back 9

Drives and urges within the unconscious component of mind influence thought and behavior
2) early childhood experiences
3) Behavior reflecets interactions of conscious and unconscious influences

Front 10

Behavioral Perspective

Back 10

View of behavior based on experience or learning

Front 11

Behaviorism School

Back 11

John Watson 1) Behaviors are learned/shaped as a product of our interaction with the environment 2) conditioned through various forms of reinforcement and punishment as consequences 3) focus on observable behavior and scientific study

Front 12

Humanistic Perspective

Back 12

View of behavior based on personal growth and conscious self perception

Front 13

Humanistic School

Back 13

Carl Rogers 1) Behaviors are influenced by our self-concept/beliefs
2) can exercise our free-will to make better choices in healthy environment

Front 14

Cognitive Perspective

Back 14

Seeks to explain how mental constructs are acquired, organized, remembered, and used to guide behavior. Views human mind as information processor

Front 15

Biological Perspective

Back 15

Study the phsyiological mechanisms in the brain and nervous system that organize and control behavior.
Focus on brain functions and processes
Behavioral genetics focuses on inherited aspects of behavior

Front 16

Cross-Cultural Perspective

Back 16

Study how the social environment and culture influence out behavior
Common elements across culture

Front 17

Evolutionary Perspective

Back 17

Seeks to explain how evolutionary processes shape modern behavior
Focus on role of natural selection to further behavior patterns (did certain behaviors help people survive and thus got passed down)

Front 18

Naturalistic observation Method

Back 18

Researchers directly observe and record behavior as it occurs
PROS: observing the actual behaviors, if not intrusive
CONS: Can be costly and time Consuming

Front 19

Case Study Method

Back 19

Highly detailed description of a single individual, used to investigate rare or extreme conditions.
PROS: provides deep insight into specific behavior
CONS: Behavior may not apply to other people or circumstances

Front 20

Survey Method

Back 20

Designed to investigate opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group.
PROS: can collect data on large population at relatively lower cost and over short period of time
CONS: dishonesty, wording effects, biased samples, low response rate.

Front 21

Correlational Study Method

Back 21

Organizes descriptive data into two or more categories to derive relationships in the data
(example Aptitude test scores RELATED to grades in school)

Front 22

Experiment method

Back 22

Direct way to test a hypothesis about cause-effect relationship between factors

Front 23

Correlational Study Method

Back 23

Organizes descriptive data into two or more categories to derive relationships in the data
(example Aptitude test scores RELATED to grades in school)

Front 24

Experiment method

Back 24

Direct way to test a hypothesis about cause-effect relationship between factors

Front 25

Biological Psychology

Back 25

The scientific study of the biological bases of behavior and mental processes

Front 26

What is a Neuron?

Back 26

Most basic unit of the nervous system; microscopic cells

Front 27

What are the three types of neurons

Back 27

sensory, motor, interneurons

Front 28

What does the dendrite do?

Back 28

Recieves information from other neurons and sensory receptors

Front 29

What does the axon do?

Back 29

Carries neurons message to other body areas

Front 30

What does the myelin sheath do?

Back 30

It is present on the axons of some neurons and increases neuron communication speed

Front 31

What is action potential?

Back 31

Brief electrical impulse down axon

Front 32

Neurotransmitter

Back 32

Chemical messengers that activate neural activity

Front 33

Acetycholine

Back 33

Deals with memory, learning, muscle contractions. Associated with alzheimer's disease

Front 34

Dopamine

Back 34

Deals with movement, though processes, rewarding sensations. Associated with parkinson's disease, schizo, and drug addiction

Front 35

Serotonin

Back 35

Deals with emotion and sleep. Associated with depression

Front 36

Endorphines

Back 36

Deals with pain perception and positive emotions. Associated with opiate addiction.

Front 37

3 ways drugs affect neurotransmitters

Back 37

Agonists: fit receptor well and act like NT
Antagonist: fit the receptor but poorly and block the NT
Other drugs block the reuptake process

Front 38

What are the components of the Central Nervous Systom?

Back 38

Brain and spinal cord

Front 39

What are the components of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Back 39

Somantic, Autonomic, Sympathetic, and Parasympathetic.

Front 40

Somantic nervous system

Back 40

Controls voluntary muscle and transmits sensory information to CNS

Front 41

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 41

Controls involuntary body functions

Front 42

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 42

Arouses Body to expend Energy

Front 43

Parasympathetic nervous system

Back 43

Calms body to conserve and maintain energy.

Front 44

Functions of the medula

Back 44

Breathing, heart rate, digestion, other vital reflexes

Front 45

Functions of the Reticular Formation

Back 45

Sleep and arousal, attention

Front 46

Functions of the Pons

Back 46

Helps Coordinate movements on left and right sides of the body. Postural reflexes which help you maintain balance while standing or moving

Front 47

Functions of the Cerebellum

Back 47

Coordinated rapid Voluntary movements, affected by alcohol

Front 48

Functions of the Thalamus

Back 48

Relay station in brain, processes most information to and from higher brain centers

Front 49

Hypothalamus

Back 49

Contains nuclei involved in a variety of behaviors: sexual behavior, hunger, thirst, aggression

Front 50

amygdala

Back 50

associated with basic emotional response patterns, has implications to learning and memory functions, role in processing emotions in facial expressions

Front 51

Hippocampus

Back 51

Involved in the learning and forming of new memories

Front 52

Broca's area

Back 52

Plays role in speech production

Front 53

Wernikes's area

Back 53

Plays role in understanding and meaningful speech