Psychology Ch 3

Front 1

Prolonged or continous stimulation result in a decreased sensation

Back 1

Adaptation

Front 2

Says rubbing an injured area or becoming involved in other activates blocks pain impulses

Back 2

Gate control theory of pain

Front 3

Thin film with three layers of cells located at the back of the eyeball includes photoreceptor. Cells

Back 3

Retina

Front 4

Says color vision is due to three kinds of cones in retina sensitive to blue green or red

Back 4

Trichromatic theory

Front 5

Smell receptor located in nasal passages use mucus into which volatile molecules dissolve

Back 5

Olfactory cells

Front 6

A point above which stimulus is perceived and below which it is not perceived

Back 6

Threshold

Front 7

Says hair cells vibrate the same number of times per second as the sounds that reach them

Back 7

Frequency theory

Front 8

A sense organ changes physical energy into electrical signals that become neural impulses

Back 8

Transduction

Front 9

Each individual pitch a person hears is determined by the place that vibrates most along basilar membrane

Back 9

Place theory

Front 10

A group of presumed physics experience that lie outside the normal sensory processes or channels

Back 10

Extrasensory perception( esp)

Front 11

Stimulus activates sensory receptors producing electrical signals that are processed by the brain

Back 11

Sensation

Front 12

A controlled. Method of eliminating trickery error and bias while testing telepathic communication

Back 12

Ganzfeld procedure

Front 13

Says color vision is due to eye and brain responding to either red-green or blue-yellow

Back 13

Opponent process theory

Front 14

Dizziness and nausea resulting from malfunction of semicircular canals of vestibular system

Back 14

Vertigo

Front 15

Includes pressure temperature and pain from miniature sensors beneath outer layer of skin

Back 15

Touch

Front 16

Binocular cues for depth that depend on signals from muscles as they move eyes inward to focus

Back 16

Convergence

Front 17

Stimuli for audition resemble ripples on a pond have height (amplitude) and

speed ( frequency )

Back 17

Sound waves

Front 18

Three semicircular canals in the inner ear that determine our sense of balance and position

Back 18

Vestibular systems

Front 19

One particular segment of electromagnetic energy whose waves can be seen by the human eye

Back 19

Visible spectrum

Front 20

Provides information about the position body parts are in relation to each other

Back 20

Kinesthetic sense

Front 21

T/F
The brain follows perceptual rules in order to make sense out of the mass of visual stimuli it receives

Back 21

True

Front 22

T/F
Sound waves vary in ampitude and frequency

Back 22

True

Front 23

T/F
The tongue has receptors for five basic tastes

Back 23

True

Front 24

T/F
The retina is a round opening in front of the eye that allows light to pass into the interior of the eye

Back 24

False

Front 25

T/F
Images that can be "seen" are created by the primary visual cortex and related association areas of the brain.

Back 25

True

Front 26

T/F
Anthropologists discovered that how you perceive things depends at least in part on your cultural experiences

Back 26

True

Front 27

T/F
There is a large body of accepted scientific evidence that supports the existence of ESP

Back 27

False

Front 28

T/F
The vestibular system provides feedback on the body's position in space by interpreting sound waves emitted from the environment

Back 28

False

Front 29

T/F
A threshold is a point above which we are aware of a stimulus

Back 29

True

Front 30

T/F
If it were not for perceptual constancies the world would seen ever-changing and chaotic

Back 30

True

Front 31

T/F
All five senses share three characteristics: transduction, adaptation, and the experience of "sensing" something

Back 31

True

Front 32

Tendency to favor smooth or continuous paths when interpreting a series of points or lines

Back 32

Continuity

Front 33

objects that are close together in space are perceived as belonging together

Back 33

proximity

Front 34

perceptual experience of perceiving a strange object as being so distorted that it could not really exist

Back 34

illusion

Front 35

learned expectation that are based on our personal, social or cultural experience and change perceptions

Back 35

perceptual sets

Front 36

tendency to automatically identify an element of more detail, which then stands out from the rest

Back 36

figure-ground rule

Front 37

perceiving objects as remaining the same size even though they are shrinking or growing on the retina due to distance

Back 37

size constancy

Front 38

tendency to fill in any missing parts of a figure in order to see the figure as complete

Back 38

closure

Front 39

found rules that specify how individual elements are organized into meaningful patterns or perceptions

Back 39

Gestalt psychologists

Front 40

objects that have similar characteristics are peceived as a unit

Back 40

similarity

Front 41

tendency to see an object as keeping its same form in spite of viewing it from different angles

Back 41

shape constancy

Front 42

brief auditory or visual messages that are presented below the absolute threshold

Back 42

subliminal messages

Front 43

illusion that closely positioned stationary lights flashing at regular intervals are moving

Back 43

phi movement

Front 44

having strong beliefs about changing some behavior then acting unknowingly to change the behavior

Back 44

self fulfilling prophecy

Front 45

Which of the following is the correct sequence in perception
a.stimulus-sensation-perception-meaning
b. meaning-stimulus-sensation-perception
c. sensation-stimulus-perception-meaning
d. perception-stimulus-meaning -sensation

Back 45

A

Front 46

The loudness of a sound is determined by the-------of the sound wave

Back 46

amplitude

Front 47

The Function of the cochlea is to -----------.

Back 47

Transform vibrations into nerve impulses

Front 48

Our sense of movement and position in space is determined by the ---------------------.

Back 48

movement of fluid in the three semicircular canals of the vestibular system

Front 49

A subliminal stimulus has an intensity that gives a person---%of detecting it.

Back 49

less than a 50% chance

Front 50

The experience of flavor results when we

Back 50

combine the sensation of taste and smell

Front 51

The work of the retina is to

Back 51

Transform light waves into electrical signals

Front 52

The process by which a sense changes physical stimuli into electrical impulses is called

Back 52

transduction

Front 53

In the visual process of transduction, rods allow us to see-----and cones to see-----.

Back 53

in dim light/color and fine details

Front 54

In a sketch of the new york downtown area Vincent creates a feeling of depth by drawing skyscrapers so that they partially overlap. The cue for depth he is using is known as

Back 54

interposition

Front 55

without size constancy we would

Back 55

think someone actually gets smaller as they walk away from you

Front 56

The perceptual rule that makes important things stand out is called

Back 56

D

Front 57

A decline in responding with prolonged or continuous stimulation is called

Back 57

adaptation

Front 58

The principle of closure states that

Back 58

we tend to fill in missing parts of a figure

Front 59

The tympanic membrane is the scientific name for what is commonly called the

Back 59

eardrum

Front 60

According to the trichromatic theory, color vision is based on

Back 60

three primary colors that are mixed to form all the colors

Front 61

If a tree falls in an uninhabited forest does it make any sound

Back 61

it depends on whether we define sound as the waves of air or the subjective experience of hearing

Front 62

The major difference between sensation and perception is that a sensation

Back 62

provides basic information while perceptions add meaning and organization to that information

Front 63

The smallest increase or decrease in the intensity of a stimulus that person is able to detect is called

Back 63

just noticeable difference

Front 64

When term describes our tendency to perceive sizes, shapes,and colors as remaining the same even though their physical characteristics keep changing

Back 64

perceptual constancy

Front 65

The purpose of the Ganzfeld procedure is to

Back 65

eliminated trickey, error and bias during ESP experiments

Front 66

Many people believe in it but convincing evidence of ESP has been undercut by the

Back 66

inability to repeat positive results

Front 67

Weber's law of the just noticeable difference explains why

Back 67

yours neighbor doesnt believe you really turned your stereo down when is has been blaring

Front 68

Which of the following is not one of the five basic tastes
a. sweet
b sharp
c. salty
d. sour

Back 68

B SHARP

Front 69

Which of the following is not a characteristic of all the senses
a. transduction
b. translucence
c. adaptation
d. perception

Back 69

B translucence

Front 70

The path that light taked throught the eye is
a. cornea, pupil, lens, retina
b. pupil, lens, retina
c. lens, cornea, pupil, retina
d. lens, fovea, cornea, retina

Back 70

a. cornea, pupil, lens, retina

Front 71

The thin membrane that moves in and out in response to sound wave oatterns and passes the vibrations to the middle ear is the

Back 71

tympanic membrane

Front 72

The sense of touch comes from

Back 72

special glands for pressure, temperature and pain

Front 73

The vestibular organs provide our sense of

Back 73

position and balance

Front 74

Motion sickness results froms

Back 74

contradictory information from the vestibular an visual systems

Front 75

Let mama kiss it and make it better is an example of

Back 75

the gate control theory of pain

Front 76

The receptors for smell are called

Back 76

olfactory cells

Front 77

Which of the following sensations can be represses by psychological factors

Back 77

pain

Front 78

Where does the experience of pain take place

Back 78

somatosensory and limbic areas of the brain

Front 79

The bain produced endorphins during

Back 79

periods of severe stress

Front 80

The perceptual rule that causes us to favor smooth or continuous paths when interpreting a series of points or lines is called

Back 80

continuity

Front 81

The key idea in perception set is

Back 81

expectation

Front 82

An illusion of lights moving that are actually stationay i called

Back 82

phi movement

Front 83

Which one of the following is not a monocular depth cue

Back 83

A

Front 84

Transduction in the visual system takes place in the

Back 84

retina

Front 85

The noise level near the speakers at a rock concert measures about

Back 85

140 decibels which can produce hearing loss

Front 86

An absolute threshold is the intensity level that can be

Back 86

detected 50% of the time

Front 87

At low stimulus intensities it takes------changed in order to detect a just noticeable difference

Back 87

small

Front 88

If two objects are the same size yet one appears to be larger you make the assumption that the object is closer why

Back 88

relative size

Front 89

The convergence of parallel lines giving the feeling of distance i called

Back 89

linear perspective

Front 90

The functin of the cornea is to

Back 90

bend and focus light waves into a narrow beam