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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the definition of psychology?
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study of behavioral and mental processes
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what are the goals of psychology?
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describe,explain,predict,and control behavior and mental processes
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what is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?
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a psychologist can aid the patient and preform psychotherapy and has a PHD but is not a medical doctor so cannot give out medicine, and a psychiatrist has a md and can treat and give the patient meds and preform ECT
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what are the roots of psychology?
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aristotle-wrote a book on psychology called Peri Psyches
in 4oo BCE Democritus-think of behavior in terms of body and mind Socrates- "know thyself" through ones emotion and not senses. humans are social creature Gustav Fechner- "elements of Psychophysics"showed how physical events related to sensation and perception |
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who is Wilhelm Wundt?
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he made the first psychological laboratory, andused introspection to discover the basic elements of experience.
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who is william james?
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he focused on the relation between conscience experience and behavior. school of fuctionalism
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Who is John Watson?
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the founder of Americam behaviorism.
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Who is B F Skinner
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used animals to explain the theory of reinforcement
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who is Margaret Washburn?
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the first woman to recive a PHD in psychology. wrote a book called The Animal Mind containing views on behaviorism
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who is Kenneth Clark?
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they played important roles in desegregation and the education of AAs
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What is the scientific method?
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an organized way of using experience and testing ideas in order to expand and refine knowledge.
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what is a dependent variable?
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a measure of an assumed effect of an independent variable
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what is an independent variable?
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a condition in a scientific study that is manipulatedso that its effects can be observed
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what are correlations?
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relationships among variables
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what is instinctive behavior?
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pattern of behavior that is triggered in a specific situation
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what is nature vs nurture?
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psychology term related to whether heredity or the environment most impacts human psychological development
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What are genes?
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basic units of heredity found on a chromosome
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what are chromosomes?
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rod shaped body in the cell nucleus carrying genes that transmit hereditary traits from generation to generation
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what is the central nervous sysytem?
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consists of the brain and spinal chord
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what are neurons?
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cells that can be visualized as having branches, trunks , and roots and recieve messages
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what is myelin?
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insulates the axon from electrically charged atoms
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what is a synapse?
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a junction that relays messages from one nueron to another
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what are neurotransmitters?
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chemical subs involved in the transmission of neural impulses from one neuron to another
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what are dendrites?
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rootlike structures attatched to the cell body of a neuron that recieve impulses from other neurons
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what is the medulla?
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an oblong area of the hindbrain involvewd in regulation of heartbeat and respiration
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what is the hypothalamus?
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a bundle of nuclei below the thalamus involved in body temp, motivation and emotion
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what is the occipital lobe?
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the lobe that lies behind and below the parietal lobe and behind the temporal lobe
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what is assimilation?
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responding to a new stimulus through a reflex or existing habit
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what is accomodation
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the creation of new ways of responding to objects or looking at the world
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what is object permanence?
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recognition that objects removed from sight still exist
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what is preconventional moral development?
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a period which moral judgment is based off expectation of rewards or punishments
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what is conventional moral development?
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period where moral judgements largely reflect social conventions
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what is post conventional moral development?
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focuses on dilemmas in which individual needs are pitted against the need to maintain social order
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who was Ainsworth?
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she defined attatchment
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what is attatchment?
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the emotional tie that is formed between one living object and another living object
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