Psychology

Front 1

controls vision

Back 1

occiptal lobe
visual cortex

Front 2

recieves incoming messages from ears

Back 2

temperal lobe
auditory cortex

Front 3

recieves incoming messages from skin senses and from movement of body parts

Back 3

parietal lobe
sensory cortex

Front 4

what makes individual parts of the body move?

Back 4

frontal lobes

Front 5

right side controls left
left side controls right

Back 5

frontal lobes

Front 6

a sheet of 1/8 inch thick cells that covers the brain.

Back 6

cerebral cortex

Front 7

job is to provide nutrients and insulating neurons. Very wrinkled -–lower animals are smoother as are human babies.

Back 7

glial cells

Front 8

upper part of the brain

Back 8

corpus collasum

Front 9

whole top of the brain

Back 9

cerebrum

Front 10

important in controlling bodily maintence functions

Back 10

hypothalumus

Front 11

• Involved in motives and emotions such as eating,
drinking, sexual motivation, anger, fear and pleasure.
• Also key role in regulating body temperature, sleep, pace and rhythm of blood pressure and heartbeat. Even when babies are born in july their hypothalamus is not active yet so they are still cold.
• Controls pituitary gland.
• Can also trigger autonomic nervous system activity.
• Site of “pleasure centers”.

Back 11

hypothalumus

Front 12

two almond shaped clusters in limbic
system.

Back 12

Amygdala

Front 13

Role in emotions such as rage and fear and the
perception of these emotions in others.

Back 13

amygdala

Front 14

recently shown to be important in.
memory and dreaming. If destroyed, have difficulty laying down new facts.

Back 14

hippocampus

Front 15

where spinal cord enters the skull. Sever it you are dead

Back 15

brainstem

Front 16

up from brainstem, slightly swollen part of brain stem
a) controls for your heartbeat and breathing and
b) crossover point for nerves where most nerves to and from each side of the brain connect with the body’s opposite side.

Back 16

medulla

Front 17

Inside brainstem finger-shaped network of neurons that extends upward to thalamus.
a) Serves as a filter for information coming in from spinal cord. Some routed to thalamus (sensory info) and other info to other parts of the brain (smell is not).
b) also controls arousal (to be awake).

Back 17

reticular formation

Front 18

egg-shaped. Sensory relay station for all senses EXCEPT smell. Receives sensory input from eyes, ears, tongue and skin and routes to other areas of the brain. If something happens to this you will loose all of your senses except for smell

Back 18

thalamus

Front 19

to rear of the brainstem. Coordinates voluntary movement. Uses feedback from the body to coordinate movements such as walking and keeping your balance

Back 19

cerebellum

Front 20

1) The electroencephalogram (EEG).
2) Computed Tomograph – CT scan
3) Positron Emission Tomogram Scan or PET scan.
4) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) also another brain imaging technique.

Back 20

how the brain is studied

Front 21

communication system which is made up of glands. These glands secrete hormones that influence our behavior. Tissues in the glands produce these hormones which are then secreted through the blood to other tissues. Works in tandem with Nervous system, although much slower than Nervous System.

Back 21

endocrine system

Front 22

Influence interest in sex, food, aggression, regulating metabolism and growth.

Back 22

endocrine system

Front 23

Much larger than two organs, but consists of the neural system outside of the brain and spinal cord. Also contains many neurons

In general this system contains many neurons that serve as pathways that transmit sensations and motor commands (generally to the CNS).

Back 23

peripheal nervous system

Front 24

regulates internal environment.

Back 24

autonomic segment on PNS

Front 25

involuntary – occurs without little awareness or control. Also thought to be involved in emotional responses and motivation

Back 25

autonomic

Front 26

dominates in emergencies and stressful situations. It responds by increasing blood-sugar level, heart rate and blood pressure and slowing digestion. Physiological changes like these promote fast, strong reactions, such as fighting or fleeing.

Back 26

sympathetic nervous system

Front 27

opposite effect as the sympathetic system. Dominates in related situations, and its responses tend to conserve energy. E.g., after large meal, the parasympathetic NS decreases heart rate and slows flow of blood to skeletal muscles, while it enhances digestion.

Back 27

parasympathetic nervous system

Front 28

Most neurons in the body are in the

Back 28

central nervous system

Front 29

This is part of the nervous system that is primarily responsible for transmission and storage of information.

Back 29

CNS

Front 30

controls all human behavior from the blink of an eye to the solution of a complex problem in logic.

Back 30

CNS

Front 31

which serves as the major coordinator of communication.

Back 31

the brain

Front 32

– a long cable of communication neurons. The spinal cord is covered with a protective membrane and bathed in spinal fluid. Information from skin and muscles comes into the brain via the spinal chord and motor commands go back out via the spinal cord.

Back 32

the spinal cord

Front 33

The environment around the spinal cord consists of clumps of neurons functioning as units—networks. The neurons transmit info to the brain and back out. Surrounding the neurons are glia cells which are smaller than neurons. They supply nutrients to the neurons and insulate them from one another.

Back 33

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Front 34

CNS AND PNS

Back 34

nervous system

Front 35

sends instructions out to the body’s tissue via ..

Back 35

motor neurons

Front 36

in between the sensory input and motor output, information processing takes place in CNS’s internal communication system

Back 36

inter neurons

Front 37

carry messages from the body’s tissues and sensory organs inward to the brain and spinal cord for processing

Back 37

sensory neurons

Front 38

natural, opiatlike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

Back 38

endorphines

Front 39

affects mood, hunger, sleep , and arousal

Back 39

seratonin

Front 40

enables muscle action, learning, and memory

Back 40

acetycholine

Front 41

• Neurons are working all of the time all over our nervous system. Fire when threshold has been met = described as all or none.

Back 41

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Front 42

1) Each neuron is essentially a tiny battery that has a small charge. In it’s resting state, the neuron has a slightly negative charge in it’s interior (near cell body) and positive charge on the outside. Called resting potential.
2) When dendrites of the neuron are stimulated (through chemical messenger called NEUROTRANSMITTERS), it starts a set of ELECTRICAL reactions ultimately ending up in the AXON terminals. This is the Action Potential.
3) When an electrical impulse comes down the axon from the cell body, substances in the axon terminal, which are called neurotransmitters are squirted out. The neurotransmitters are stored in sacs in the terminal branches of the axon.
4) These Neurotransmitters flow across the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft and are taken up through openings in the receiving neuron (dendrites of receiving neuron).

Back 42

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Front 43

how neurons function

Back 43

action potential

Front 44

• Neurons fire an impulse when simulated by pressure, heat, light or chemical messages. An impulse OR ACTION POTENTIAL is a brief electrical charge traveling down the neuron.

• Specifically, this impressive structure transmits signals that translate into behavior through CHEMICAL and ELECTRICAL events.

Back 44

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Front 45

are tiny gaps or clefts between neurons

Back 45

synapses

Front 46

is manufactured for neurons by glial cells (glue),
consists of a fatty, whitish substance that surrounds and insulates the
axons of many neurons.

Back 46

myelin sheath

Front 47

is a long fiber that leads away from the cell body

Back 47

the axon

Front 48

many short fibers that branch from cell body.

Back 48

dendrites