Psych Exam 4

Front 1

Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cell phone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive

Back 1

personality

Front 2

A therapist thinks that Jordan would be much less agitated and ineffective at work if he could recognize his own conflicting feelings of respect for and irritation toward his workplace supervisor. The therapist's belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Back 2

psychodynamic

Front 3

When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his

Back 3

ID

Front 4

Ego is to id as ________ is to ________.

Back 4

reality principle; pleasure principle

Front 5

One night after he heard his parents arguing, 4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by a large snake. A psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that Wei's dream reflects a(n)

Back 5

Oedipus complex

Front 6

Arjean's opinions are so dependent on what her friends think that she will swallow just about anything they tell her. Freud would have suggested that Arjean demonstrates a

Back 6

fixation

Front 7

Mrs. Smith, who is White and unconsciously in favor of racial segregation, tells her friends that most Blacks prefer to live in residential neighborhoods inhabited predominantly by Blacks. According to psychoanalytic theory, Mrs. Smith best illustrates

Back 7

projection

Front 8

Children who release unexpressed anger toward their parents by kicking the family pet illustrate the defense mechanism of

Back 8

displacement

Front 9

Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from a(n)

Back 9

inferiority complex

Front 10

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it

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offers few testable hypotheses that allow one to determine its validity

Front 11

Mrs. Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children. Her approach to parent-child interaction was most explicitly recommended by

Back 11

Carl Rogers

Front 12

A frontal lobe area involved in ________ is ________ active in extraverts than in introverts.

Back 12

inhibiting behavior, less

Front 13

Sheryl is very outgoing and fun-loving. She prefers to be around other people most of the time. She most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait dimension known as

Back 13

extroversion

Front 14

Cultural changes over time within the United States and the Netherlands have been accompanied by ________ in extraversion and ________ in conscientiousness.

Back 14

increases, increases

Front 15

The person-situation controversy involves a debate regarding the influence of ________ and ________ on behavior.

Back 15

environments, traits

Front 16

Sheen is usually animated and talkative when he is with his girlfriend, but he is often quiet and reserved at home. He actively participates in many class discussions but frequently seems reluctant to talk with friends at the campus coffee shop. Sheen's behavior should make us more cautious about overemphasizing the impact of ________ on behavior.

Back 16

personality traits

Front 17

People's scores on a test of extraversion are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act in one particular situation. Their scores are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act on average over many different situations.

Back 17

poor, good

Front 18

Personality inventories are to _______________ as projective tests are to _______________.

Back 18

objective scoring; subjective scoring

Front 19

Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is

Back 19

Preventing her from functioning efficiently

Front 20

Dr. Wiseman believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture play a role in psychological disorders. Which of the following illustrates Dr. Wiseman's view?

Back 20

the biopsychosocial approach

Front 21

The DSM-5 is most clearly designed to ________ psychological disorders.

Back 21

Classify

Front 22

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities. He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted. Larry's behavior is most characteristic of

Back 22

ADHD

Front 23

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a ________ model.

Back 23

Biopsychsocial

Front 24

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from

Back 24

A panic attack

Front 25

Alan always has been terrified of spiders. He refuses to enter his bedroom at night until it has been thoroughly checked for spiders. Even a picture of a spider makes him extremely uncomfortable. Most likely, Alan is suffering from a psychological disorder called

Back 25

Specific phobia

Front 26

Kaylee is so afraid of snakes that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to spend time in her own backyard alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from

Back 26

A phobia

Front 27

Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of

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An obsession

Front 28

Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences jumpy anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of

Back 28

PTSD

Front 29

As Jordan watches, his brother receives an electric shock from touching the frayed toaster cord. Jordan is now intensely afraid of toasters. This best illustrates that fear can be learned through

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observational learning

Front 30

Professor Pott emphasizes that normal depression serves an adaptive function by slowing people down and preventing them from engaging in life-threatening behaviors. The professor's emphasis best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Back 30

Evolutionary

Front 31

Men are generally ________ vulnerable than women to disorders involving internal states such as anxiety or depression. Men are generally ________ vulnerable than women to disorders involving external behaviors such as alcohol use or antisocial conduct.

Back 31

less; more**

Front 32

Of those who commit suicide, about ________ have tried to kill themselves before and ________ have discussed suicide beforehand.

Back 32

1/3; most

Front 33

Nora's husband insisted that she go to a mental health clinic when she was unable to explain or remember her frequent absences from home, phone calls from people that she claimed she had never heard of, and check stubs from checks that she couldn't remember writing. At the clinic, Nora admitted there were long stretches of her life that were completely blank to her. Suddenly, using a different voice, facial expression, and demeanor, Nora said to the psychologist, “Don't pay any attention to that old Nora. She's just a bore. My name is Patty, and I'm a lot more fun to talk to.” The psychologist suspects that Nora's symptoms are characteristic of

Back 33

dissociative identity disorder.

Front 34

Horace keeps to himself at work, he is quiet, and has a number of odd collections; some even call him eccentric. He seems emotionally disengaged even when others are clearly responding emotionally to a situation. Horace would be considered to have ________ personality disorder.

Back 34

schizotypal

Front 35

Anthony is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of

Back 35

Antisocial personality disorder

Front 36

Severely restricted eating and an intense fear of weight gain is to ________ as binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting is to ________.

Back 36

Anorexia; Bulimia