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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
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Psychology
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"The Whole is Greater than the sum of it's parts"
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Gestalt
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Functionalism's chief proponent was who?
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William James
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An approach to psychology that features the study and careful measurement of observable behaviors.
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Behaviorism
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This person is most known for who first explored Classical Conditioning (dog's salivating)
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Ivan Pavlov (behaviorist)
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Leading behaviorist famous for Little Albert and white rat study. Also practiced classical conditioning.
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John B. Watson (behaviorist)
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"Law of Effect" practiced "Operant Conditioning"
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Edward Thorndike (behaviorist)
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Psychodynamic Theory - uses psychoanalysis. This person's theories cannot be experimented.
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Sigmund Freud
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special way of learning about reality through systematic observation and experimentation.
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Science
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The ability to think clearly, rationally, and independently.
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Critical Thinking
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A set of facts and relationships between facts that can explain and predict related phenomena.
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Theory
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A descriptive method in which participants are asked the same questions.
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Survey
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A subset of a population being studied.
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Sample
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A measure of the direction and strength of the relationship between two variables.
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Correlation
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An experimental design for assessing age-related changes in which data are obtained from the same individuals at intervals over a long period.
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Longitudinal Study
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What can we compare about something being valid vs reliable in psychology?
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A measure cannot be valid without being reliable. (answer is word for word when she read this out, so memorize)
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Who is credited for describing the contrast between heredity and environment as "nature vs nurture"?
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Francis Galton
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What is a gene?
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A gene is a specific segment of DNA
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Each resulting cell contributes __ __ chromosomes?
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23 chromosomes!!!!!
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Why do we use mice more than any animal species in lab testing?
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Humans share 92% of genes with mice!!!
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___________________ is usually presented as a ration of the amount of variation observed in a population due to genetics relative to the total amount of variation due to both genetic and environmental influences.
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Heritability
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A number of factors are believed to influence the social behavior of any particular species, including mating systems, the availability of resources such as food, water, and shelter, the exposure to predators, and competition.
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I remember her talking about that - "the number one factor believed to influence social behavior is competition"
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Outcomes of Social Interactions - The Interaction of a negative outcome is _______________?
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Spite!
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Help you provide another person when you expect the person to return the favor in the future.
In cases of ___________ ______________ , it is customary to help another individual when you can reasonably expect the other individual to return the favor at some future date. |
Reciprocal Altruism
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The idea that the mind and the brain are one is ____________.
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Monistic Philosophy
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How does Myelination effect the transmission of a neuron?
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Protective cover that speeds up transmission
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______________ is involved with system regulation sleep, appetite, and mood.
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Serotonin
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"Runner's High" or "Endogenous Morphine" modify our natural response to pain.
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Endorphins
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What are the 2 major parts of our nervous system?
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Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
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The _________ __________ serves as a major conduit for information flowing to and from the brain along large bundles of axons, carrying sensory information from the body and delivering commands.
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Spinal Cord
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The division of the autonomic nervous system that coordinates arousal.
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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The part of the autonomic nervous system associated with rest, repair, and energy storage.
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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The brain imposing its own structure on incoming information is __________________ .
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Top - Down Processing
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___________ _____________ is a two-step process involving (1) the actual intensity of the STIMULUS, which will influence the observer's belief that the stimulus did occur, and (2) the individual observer's CRITERIA for deciding whether the stimulus occurred.
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Signal Detection
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The _____________ uses VISUAL INFORMATION to make QUICK EMOTIONAL JUDGMENTS, especially about potentially harmful stimuli.
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Amygdala
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Dividing a scene into figure and ground
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Gestalt
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Closure - Tendency to see things that aren't whole
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Gestalt
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We tend to see the line with outward-pointing arrowheads further away
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Muller-Lyer Illusion
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Predatory advantage of binocular depth?
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Retinal Disparity allows us to spot tiny variations in the depths of objects in the virtual field.
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If a 4-month old child looks at a book of colorful shapes and the mother looks at the same book, how does the child see it?
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Less detail or dull
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Post-traumatic stress flashbacks by Veterans are triggered the most through _________ .
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Smells
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Correlation of artificial light and sleep
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Artificial lighting affects sleep by breaking down melatonin
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Circadian Rhythm in adolescence
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Researchers suspect that the shift correlates with a burst of brain development that is initiated at puberty.
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Why do infants spend half their time in REM sleep?
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To provide stimulants to facilitate brain wiring
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_________ __________ is now defined as a complete and irreversible lack of measurable brain activity, as evidenced by two flat-line EEG recordings taken 24 hours apart.
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Brain Death
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Body builds up what when it needs more beer to become drunk?
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Tolerance
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Alcohol, caffeine, nicotine if you stop taking them you have what?
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Withdrawals
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If you have a friend grinding their teeth it might be a condition from what drug?
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Cocaine
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More info to know about alcohol (FLIP CARD)
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In addition to seeking the relaxation produced by alcohol, early humans might have turned to fermented beverages as a safety precaution against contaminated water supplies, as alcohol has natural antiseptic qualities.
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What kind of memory does hypnosis effect?
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Episodic memories, past memories
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