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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Wundt |
First psych lab
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Titchener |
Pioneered psych in the USA |
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James |
Wrote first psych txtbk, championed functionalism |
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Freud |
Most famous psychologist Presented psychoanalytic perspective Focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts and feelings in driving behavior |
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Biological perspectives |
Focus on how we are influenced by our biology |
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Behavioral perpextices |
Focus on how we are influenced by past experiences/ what has happened to us |
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Cognitive perspectives |
Focus on how we are influenced by what we know, remember and believe |
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Psychodynamic perspectice |
Focus on how we are influenced by unconscious desires |
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Name all 5 research methods |
-experiment -quasi experiment -correlation -survey -observation |
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Define population |
Everyone u are interested in |
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Define sample |
People who actually participate in the study (representative of the population) |
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Define sample |
People who actually participate in the study (representative of the population) |
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Define IV |
What the experimenter decides (if they play video game or not) |
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Define Dv |
What happens to sample after (measured aggression) |
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5 thi8ngs a good experiment has |
-random sample of pop of interest -and IV w at least 2 conditions -a DV -random assignment -control of extraneous variables |
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5 thi8ngs a good experiment has |
-random sample of pop of interest -and IV w at least 2 conditions -a DV -random assignment -control of extraneous variables |
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Operational definitions |
Must decide how we are going to manipulate the IV and measure the DV |
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Quasi experiment |
-IV is not manipulated by their researcher -ppl placed in different condition b/c of preexisting condition ie no random assignment -not a ‘true experiment ‘ b/c lack of random assignment means cannot identify cause and effect |
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Correlation |
-looking for relationship b/w variables -no IV nothing is manipulated -looking for pattern in data |
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Correlation |
-looking for relationship b/w variables -no IV nothing is manipulated -looking for pattern in data |
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Positive correlation |
High score in one variable associated with high score on the other |
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Negative correlation |
High score in one variable associated w low score on the other |
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Negative correlation |
High score in one variable associated w low score on the other |
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Why are correlations tricky to interpret |
Don’t know which variable came first, also can’t rule out that a third variable is behind the relationship |
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Negative correlation |
High score in one variable associated w low score on the other |
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Why are correlations tricky to interpret |
Don’t know which variable came first, also can’t rule out that a third variable is behind the relationship |
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Name 3 issues with surveys |
-hard to get random sample (ppl who0 respond unlikely to b e typical) -how question is phrased will impact the response (order in which order is presented can change the answer as well) -pl often lie and give response that is more desirable |
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Negative correlation |
High score in one variable associated w low score on the other |
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Why are correlations tricky to interpret |
Don’t know which variable came first, also can’t rule out that a third variable is behind the relationship |
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Name 3 issues with surveys |
-hard to get random sample (ppl who0 respond unlikely to b e typical) -how question is phrased will impact the response (order in which order is presented can change the answer as well) -pl often lie and give response that is more desirable |
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Observation |
—includes listening -may yield surprising results |
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Negative correlation |
High score in one variable associated w low score on the other |
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Why are correlations tricky to interpret |
Don’t know which variable came first, also can’t rule out that a third variable is behind the relationship |
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Name 3 issues with surveys |
-hard to get random sample (ppl who0 respond unlikely to b e typical) -how question is phrased will impact the response (order in which order is presented can change the answer as well) -pl often lie and give response that is more desirable |
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Observation |
—includes listening -may yield surprising results |
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Issues with obervations |
If people know they’re being watched they may change their behavior (reactivity) |
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Define descriptive statistics |
Describe and summarize data |
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Define descriptive statistics |
Describe and summarize data |
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3 factors of central tendancy |
-mean -median -mode |
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2 factors of variability |
-range -standard deviation |
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How to find mean |
Aka average (total/#ppl) |
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How to find median |
Arrange coats from lowest to highest an find the middle number ( if even find the halfway b/w two numbers) |
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How to find median |
Arrange coats from lowest to highest an find the middle number ( if even find the halfway b/w two numbers) |
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How to find mode |
Number that repeats often (not all data has a mode) |
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How to find range |
Highesat score- lowest score |
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Inferential statistics |
Determines whether results may just b e by chance |
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Inferential statistics |
Determines whether results may just b e by chance |
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What is a significant result |
-unlikely to have occurred just by chance thus we conclude IV did impact the DV |
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4 important principles of research ethics |
-informed consent -minimal risk -confidentiality -debriefing |