Psy Quiz 1

Front 1

Which of the following had formal training in medicine or physiology

Back 1

d) all of the above

Front 2

Which of the following statements describes the major contributions of Thomas Willis to the study of the brain?

Back 2

d) All of the above

Front 3

Some early cultures believed that the heart was the organ of consciousness in humans, an idea promulgated by Aristotle. Which culture in the list had the broadest influence on Western thinking in promoting this view?

Back 3

d) Egyptian

Front 4

Greek Culture arose around ____ BC, while Aristotle lived around ____ BC

Back 4

d) 700; 350

Front 5

Plato is to _____ as Aristotle is to ______

Back 5

b) Kant; Locke

Front 6

The academic discipline of psychology originated

Back 6

b) in the late 1800s

Front 7

Evidence that prehistoric man had some idea of the importance of the brain in mediating human behavior comes from

Back 7

a) evidence of trephination

Front 8

Which statement best characterizes the role of the Dark Ages in fostering modern scientific thought in Europe.

Back 8

b) It was generally a period of cultural and scientific regression.

Front 9

Some people throughout history have considered the soul to a physical entity. Which of the individuals mentioned in the chapter would fall into this category?

Back 9

c) MacDougall

Front 10

Who was Tycho Brahe?

Back 10

c) was a Danish astronomer who tried to resolve the Copernican view of the solar system with the Church view.

Front 11

Descartes’ 17th century model of brain/mind interaction (Dualism) was preceded by the ideas of

Back 11

d) St. Augustine

Front 12

The Church based its belief that the earth was the center of the universe on the work of

Back 12

c) Ptolemy

Front 13

Religion has traditionally emphasized ____ as the path to knowledge, while science has emphasized ______.

Back 13

c) revelation; empiricism

Front 14

Dualism posits that the mind is metaphysical, while the brain is physical.

Back 14

a) true

Front 15

The first person to propose an experimentally testable model of how the brain controls the body was

Back 15

d) Descartes

Front 16

Which of the following was an atheist

Back 16

d) none of the above

Front 17

Descartes’ mechanical/reflex model of behavior was the first model that contained no metaphysical elements to account for human behavior.

Back 17

B) false

Front 18

The concept of innateness is most central to which of the following philosophical positions.

Back 18

b) Nativism

Front 19

The individual who defined the methodological approach underlying the Scientific Revolution was

Back 19

d) Bacon

Front 20

Syllogistic logic was the hallmark of

Back 20

d) Aristotle

Front 21

Bacon redefined the scientific approach to knowledge by introducing inductive reasoning as the starting point for new knowledge.

Back 21

a) true

Front 22

Neither Locke nor Aristotle endorsed the concept that knowledge was derived from information obtained from our senses.

Back 22

b) false

Front 23

Which of the following was a critical element contributing directly or indirectly to the Scientific Revolution?

Back 23

d) all of the above

Front 24

St. Augustine thought that interface between God’s will and man’s actions occurred in the ___ , whereas Descartes thought it occurred in the ____

Back 24

St. Augustine thought that interface between God’s will and man’s actions occurred in the ___ , whereas Descartes thought it occurred in the ____

Front 25

Who first dissected and described motor and sensory nerves

Back 25

d) Galen

Front 26

Which individual spent a lifetime attempting to create an empirical model of the mind… and failed

Back 26

b) Kant

Front 27

Which factor did not contribute in a significant way to the development of the Scientific Revolution?

Back 27

e) all of the above were important

Front 28

Who first described the cranial nerves and the blood supply to the brain?

Back 28

a) Willis

Front 29

The _____ considered the brain so unimportant that they removed it from the skull of deceased individuals while preparing them for the after life

Back 29

c) Egyptians

Front 30

______ argued that the innate rational structure of the mind parallels the rational structure of nature.

Back 30

b) Kant

Front 31

The Father of Modern Medicine is considered to be

Back 31

a) Vesalius

Front 32

The conceptual underpinnings of psychobiology are rooted in the ideas of John B. Watson, stressing the overwhelming influence of environment on determining human nature and capabilities.

Back 32

b) True

Front 33

______ 's discoveries about the physical world using the objective/rational methods of mathematics overwhelmed the opposition of the Church to the empirical approach to science

Back 33

a) copernicus

Front 34

Probably the single most important aspect of culture to human survival is its ability to

Back 34

d) transmit knowledge from generation to generation.

Front 35

The first person to apply the principles of the scientific method to the study of medicine was

Back 35

c)William Harvey

Front 36

The model of Descartes in the 1500s to explain how the body and brain worked was useful because it

Back 36

A) could be tested experimentally

Front 37

Biological psychology

Back 37

C) spans several scientific disciplines

Front 38

Aristotle believed that the brain's major function was to

Back 38

D) cool the blood.

Front 39

The early nineteenth-century field of _______ claimed to discern an association between personality traits and specific bumps on the skull.

Back 39

D) phrenology

Front 40

Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection gave rise to two approaches to experimentation, one of which emphasizes

Back 40

D) differences in behavior and biology among species.

Front 41

Which of the question reflects the “evolutionary” perspective in biological psychology?

Back 41

A) To what extent can different species see color?

Front 42

The “search for the engram” of memory is especially associated with

Back 42

B) Karl Lashley.

Front 43

Studies of identical twins in which one twin has schizophrenia have revealed a relationship between schizophrenia and enlargement of the

Back 43

A) cerebral ventricles.

Front 44

Which neurological disease(s) is/are least prevalent in the United States?

Back 44

A) Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases

Front 45

The publication of Principles of Psychology by _______ heralded the modern era of biological psychology

Back 45

A) William James

Front 46

Winning a game of chess is likely to cause a man's _______ levels to _______.

Back 46

C) testosterone; increase

Front 47

The process by which an individual changes over the life span is called

Back 47

D) ontogeny.

Front 48

The relationship between brain size and learning scores is

Back 48

D) correlational.

Front 49

An experiment in which specific areas of the brain are destroyed in a group of animals in order to observe the change in their sleep patterns

Back 49

A) is a within-subjects experiment

Front 50

Postmortem brains of suicide victims with childhood histories of abuse show

Back 50

A) methylation of a gene that regulates stress hormone responses.

Front 51

Methylation” refers to

Back 51

B) the lasting inactivation of a gene

Front 52

In humans, about _______% of the brain is used during routine, day-to-day activities

Back 52

D) 100

Front 53

The level of analysis of the study of neurotransmitter release is the _______ level

Back 53

B) synaptic

Front 54

Electrical messages used by nerve cells are essentially the same in a jellyfish or a cockroach. This observation suggests that this mechanism is a(n) _______ characteristic.

Back 54

A) conserved

Front 55

The human brain contains nearly

Back 55

B) 100 billion neurons

Front 56

In studying brain-damaged patients exhibiting speech difficulties, Paul Broca discovered that a particular region in the _______ part of the brain appears to be especially important.

Back 56

C) left

Front 57

For every 100 people across the world today, about _______ have some form of a neurological or psychiatric illness.

Back 57

B) 20

Front 58

Which statement about the prevalence of neurological disease in the United States today is false?

Back 58

D) There are more people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease than with stroke.

Front 59

The Spanish anatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal showed that although neurons come very close together, they are not quite continuous with one another but rather are structurally and functionally independent. This observation became part of what is known as the

Back 59

D) neuron doctrine.

Front 60

The neuron doctrine

Back 60

B) proposed the existence of synaptic contacts between neurons

Front 61

The vast majority of neurons in the brain are classified as

Back 61

D) interneurons.

Front 62

In which part of the neuron are synaptic vesicles found?

Back 62

D) Axon terminal

Front 63

The output zone of the neuron is the

Back 63

A) axon terminal

Front 64

Dendrites are

Back 64

B) the input zone of a nerve cell.

Front 65

A researcher interested in determining which brain regions are active when an animal subject performs a particular behavior will most likely make use of which procedure?

Back 65

D) Immunocytochemistry (ICC)

Front 66

The gaps between segments of myelin are known as

Back 66

C) nodes of Ranvier.

Front 67

The electrical impulse that stimulates neurotransmitter release, thereby transmitting information to other neurons, arises in the

Back 67

B) axon hillock.

Front 68

The major function of Schwann cells is

Back 68

B) myelination of peripheral nerve fibers.

Front 69

Which of the following glial cells interact with blood vessels?

Back 69

B) Astrocytes

Front 70

Which of the following is not a consequence of parasympathetic activation?

Back 70

B) Increased heart rate

Front 71

The reason that sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have different effects on the organs is because

Back 71

D) they release different neurotransmitters.

Front 72

The _______ lobe is the most anterior portion of the cerebral cortex.

Back 72

A) frontal

Front 73

A cut in the _______ plane would sever all of the tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Back 73

C) mid-sagittal

Front 74

The plane that divides the body into left and right halves is called the _______ plane.

Back 74

A) sagittal

Front 75

Which of the following statements is true?

Back 75

B) Gray matter is in the center of the spinal cord, and white matter surrounds it.

Front 76

Which statement about white and gray matter is true?

Back 76

A) White matter is like insulation.

Front 77

The diencephalon become(s) the

Back 77

C) thalamus and hypothalamus

Front 78

A group of axons traveling together within the brain is called a

Back 78

A) tract.

Front 79

In the developing fetus, the telencephalon becomes the

Back 79

A) cortex.

Front 80

The _______ is the main source of communication between the left and the right hemispheres.

Back 80

D) corpus callosum

Front 81

The somatic nervous system includes the

Back 81

D) cranial nerves and the spinal nerves.

Front 82

Which of the following is used to make CT scan images?

Back 82

A) X-rays

Front 83

The physiological activity of the brain can be visualized using

Back 83

A) positron emission tomography (PET).

Front 84

A “nucleus” is analogous to a

Back 84

A) computer

Front 85

A brain tumor is best imaged by a(n) _______ scan.

Back 85

C) MRI

Front 86

Subtractive analysis is useful for

Back 86

D) studies that average brain activity over multiple subjects to gather information about the neural basis of behavior.

Front 87

The ventricular system contains

Back 87

C) cerebrospinal fluid

Front 88

Which structure is part of the midbrain?

Back 88

D) Tegmentum

Front 89

Synaptic vesicles

Back 89

c) released by axon terminals in response to a neural impulse.

Front 90

Which of the following represents the most common sequence of information flow through a neuron?

Back 90

C) Dendrite, cell body, axon hillock, axon

Front 91

The five main divisions of the human brain are visible about _______ days after conception.

Back 91

D) 50

Front 92

The brainstem consists of the

Back 92

D) midbrain, pons, and medulla

Front 93

How many distinct layers are observed in the human cortex?

Back 93

C) Six

Front 94

The basal ganglia consists primarily of the caudate nucleus, globus palludis, and

Back 94

C) putamen.

Front 95

Which of the following best describes the blood-brain barrier?

Back 95

B) It is a property of the walls of brain capillaries that prevents large molecules from entering the brain.

Front 96

The specialized vascular tissue that produces the cerebrospinal fluid is called the

Back 96

D) choroid plexus

Front 97

Which structure does not contain any parts of the reticular formation?

Back 97

A) Telencephalon