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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compared to young chimpanzees, human toddlers are ___. |
a. more likely to display empathy but less likely to try to help strangers b. less likely to display empathy and less likely to try to help strangers c. less likely to display empathy but more likely to try to help strangers **d. more likely to display empathy and more likely to try to help strangers |
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An emotional response that corresponds to the feelings of others is called ____. |
a. sympathy b. contentment **c. empathy d. anger |
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Suppose that, one day, a fierce and crazy lion broke loose from the zoo. Instead of running around wildly, however, the lion calmed himself down rather quickly, walked through the crowds at the zoo, exited the facility, and made his way to a local park; here he stretched out to do some child-watching. People in the park were confused by the sudden presence of the lion. They thought to themselves: "Isn't that a lion?" "Um, is it really dangerous to have a lion right here?" However, none of them voiced their concerns, and as a result there was no communication about the lion; the park-goers ultimately assumed that there was a reason for the lion to be there ("otherwise," they thought, "someone would have said something"). And the lion ended up staying at the park for several hours. In this example, ____ was most at play. |
**a. pluralistic ignorance b. the bystander effect c. diffusion of responsibility d. the commons dilemma |
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In social psychology, the tendency for people to be less likely to offer help when they are in the presence of others than when they aren't is known as ____. |
xxa. the bystander effect b. the Good Samaritan effect c. pluralistic ignorance d. diffusion of responsibility |
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Being able to feel another person’s pain best describes which term? |
a. egoism b. volunteerism **c. empathy d. reciprocity |
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In one well-known study on empathy, participants had to watch a confederate receive 10 full trials of electric shocks. They were told that their values and interests were similar to those of the confederate, or that their values and interests were different from those of the confederate. After the first two trials had been conducted, participants were then either given no escape (had to watch the full 10 trials) or easy escape (allowed to leave and not watch the full 10 trials). After the first two trials, participants were asked whether they would switch places with the confederate, as she was apparently very upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience with electricity. The researchers found that ____ agreed to switch places. |
**a. virtually everyone in the similar group (regardless of escape level) and half of the people in the dissimilar/no escape group b. most of the people in the similar group (regardless of escape level) but almost none of the people in the dissimilar/no escape group c. virtually no one in the similar group/no escape and virtually no one in the dissimilar/easy escape group d. virtually everyone in the similar/no escape group and virtually everyone in the dissimilar/easy escape group |
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As discussed in the text, when people encounter situations in which their help might be needed, there are five major steps they pass through before ultimately deciding to render help (or not render help). At which step(s) can the presence of others interfere (and reduce the likelihood of helping)? |
a. Step 3 (taking responsibility for providing help) b. Steps 1, 2, and 3 (noticing the situation, interpreting the situation as an emergency, and taking responsibility) c. Steps 1, 3, and 4 (noticing the situation, taking responsibility, and deciding how to help) **d. Steps 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (noticing the situation, interpreting the situation as an emergency, and taking responsibility, deciding how to help, and helping) |
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Pluralistic ignorance is MOST likely to occur ____. |
a. when you are alone b. when you are with a close partner c. when you are with a group of friends **d. when you are with a group of strangers |
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When helping is altruistically motivated, people will try to ____. |
a. escape having to see the suffering of others b. reduce the suffering of others c. make themselves feel better by doing something fun d. ignore the suffering of others |
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Much of the time, people engage in altruistic behaviors because doing so makes them feel good. Is it correct to conclude, then, that altruistic acts are fundamentally selfish at their core? What do social psychologists generally conclude? |
a. In general, they believe that genuine altruism DOES exist—though a small minority (mainly those working within evolutionary psychology) believe that it DOES NOT exist. b. In general, they believe that genuine altruism DOES NOT exist. c. In general, they believe that genuine altruism DOES exist. **d. They are split on the issue. |
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Some evidence suggests that empathy levels are ____ in college students. |
a. high b. remaining stable c. increasing **d. decreasing |
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Suppose that you are in a ship wreck and numerous people around you are drowning. No one present knows how to swim except for you. According to evolutionary theory, if you only had time to save one person, which of the following people would you save? |
**a. Your baby b. Your mother c. Your husband or wife d. The city mayor |
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Much of the time, people engage in altruistic behavior because doing so makes them feel good. Is it correct to conclude, then, that altruistic acts are fundamentally selfish? Or should such acts be considered altruistic despite their seemingly selfish motives? What do the textbook authors conclude about this? |
a. Such acts are best thought of as selfish (ego-driven). **b. Such acts are best thought of as selfish AND helpful. Indeed, instead of pitting these drives against one another, the authors are positive about the evolution of these acts in general. c. Such acts are best thought of as selfish (ego-driven) UNLESS they involve clear self-sacrifices. d. Such acts are best thought of as helpful (driven by social conscience). |
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According to evolutionary theory, people are more likely to help siblings (with whom they share roughly half of their genes) than cousins (with whom they share roughly one-eighth of their genes), and more likely to help cousins than strangers. Research demonstrates that, in reality, ____. |
a. people are no more likely to help family members than non-family members b. people are more likely to help family members than non-family members, but no more likely to help siblings than cousins c. people are more likely to help siblings than cousins, but no more likely to help cousins than strangers **d. this pattern by and large holds true |
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In one well-known study on empathy, participants had to watch a confederate ("Elaine") receive electric shocks. They were told either that they had to watch 10 full trials of shocks, or that they could leave after watching the first two trials only. They were also told that their values and interests were similar to those of the confederate (similar group), or that their values and interests were different from those of the confederate (dissimilar group). After the first two trials had been completed, participants were asked whether they would switch places with the confederate—she was apparently very upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience with electricity. The researchers found that, in the dissimilar group, ____ agreed to switch places. |
xxa. virtually everyone b. virtually no one c. many people in the 10-trial group but virtually no one in the two-trial group d. many people in both the 10-trial group and the two-trial group |
