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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality |
Usual feelings thoughts and behaviors |
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Cattell |
Came up with mental tests |
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Trait theory (roots) |
Personality is made up of traits |
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Psychodynamics |
Look at whole person |
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Belmont code |
Code of ethics |
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Reverse scored items |
Questions that ask opposite of trait being measured |
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Likert scale |
Number scale (ex: 1-really low 10-really high) |
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Correlation |
Measure of relationship between two things |
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Positive correlation |
High=high |
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Longitudinal study |
Collects data on same people more than once |
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Independent variable |
Causes change in dependent variable |
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Dependent variable |
One being measured. Can’t change independent variable. |
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Meta-analysis |
Study of studies, then analyze results together |
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Many labs approach |
Different groups of researchers do same study at same time |
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Open practice |
High transparency |
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Which big five traits don’t exist in some other countries? |
Neuroticism and openness |
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Twin study |
Examines twins raised apart and together |
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Monozygotic twins |
Identical (share same genetic profile) |
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Percentage of variance |
Variation among group of people |
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Negative correlation |
High=low |
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Contract effect |
Twins differentiate selves from each other |
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Gene environment interaction |
Nature and nurture both shape personality |
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Genotype |
Genetic predisposition |
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Phenotype |
How personality types actually appear |
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Epigenetics |
Differences in gene expression (genes and DNA don’t change, but expression does) |
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Frontal lobe |
Makes plans decisions and emotions |
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Amygdala |
Processes fear |
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Sociosexuality |
Views on sex without commitment |
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2D-4D ratio |
Higher testosterone=longer ring fingers and lower 2D-4D |
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Self |
Entire system of someone’s knowledge and regulation of self |
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Null correlation |
No relationship |
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Reliability |
Consistency |
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Internal reliability |
Questions all measure same thing |
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Validity |
Measures what it’s supposed to |
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Normal distribution |
Bell curve |
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Standard deviation |
How far score is from average |
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Percentile |
Standard deviation below mean |
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Marlowe-Crowe test |
Measures social desirability |
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Twenty Statements Test |
Write down 20 statements about self |
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Types of statements in TST |
Social groups, ideological beliefs, interests, ambitions, self-evaluation (physical/mental traits etc.) |
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Self concept |
Image you have of yourself |
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What does TST measure? |
Individualism vs collectivism |
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William James’ contribution to psychology |
Ideals of self |
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James’ ideas of self |
Material, social, spiritual, and true |
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Material self |
Extension of self into possessions |
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Social self |
Extension of self through relationships |
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Spiritual self |
Moral center of self |
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True self |
Most authentic self |
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Authenticity |
How close or far one is from true self |
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Imposter phenomenon |
Not feeling like true self |
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Self-schema |
Cognitive representation of self |
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Four components of authenticity |
Awareness, unbiased processing, behavior, and authentic relationships |
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Implicit self esteem |
Self esteem you’re not aware of having |
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Implicit self esteem |
Self esteem you’re not aware of having |
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Explicit self esteem |
Self esteem you are aware of having |
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Rosenberg |
Created Self esteem scale |
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Donut personality |
High explicit - low implicit (good on outside, feel hollow on inside) |
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Sociometer theory |
Belongingness low leads to drop in self esteem |
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Self serving bias |
Take credit for success, sent responsibility for failure |
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Self serving bias |
Take credit for success, sent responsibility for failure |
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Three components of self-compassion |
Self kindness, common humanity, mindfulness |
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Self efficacy |
Belief that one will be successful at working towards goals |
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Ought self |
Person we think we should be |
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Ideal self |
Person we want to be |
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Ego depletion |
Loss of self control when worn out (after lots of self control) |
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Psychodynamic theory |
Models that focus on personality as complex interplay of conscious and unconscious motives, thoughts and feelings |
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Developer of psychoanalysis |
Freud |
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Developer of psychoanalysis |
Freud |
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Psychoanalysis |
Being unconscious thoughts into consciousness |
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Carl Jung |
Developer of analytical psychology |
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Transference |
The way a client perceives a therapist |
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Three parts of the topographical model |
Conscious mind, unconscious mind, preconscious mind |
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Three components of structural model |
Id, ego, and super-ego |
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Id |
Unconscious pleasure |
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Ego |
Conscious and unconscious reality |
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Super ego |
Conscious and unconscious conscience |
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Negative affectivity |
Extreme neuroticism |
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Negative affectivity |
Extreme neuroticism |
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Detachment |
Extreme introversion |
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Negative affectivity |
Extreme neuroticism |
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Detachment |
Extreme introversion |
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Antagonism |
Extreme low agreeableness |
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Negative affectivity |
Extreme neuroticism |
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Detachment |
Extreme introversion |
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Antagonism |
Extreme low agreeableness |
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Disinhibition |
Extreme low conscientiousness |
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Psychoticism |
Extreme openness to experience |
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3 clusters of personality disorders |
Odd-eccentric, dramatic-emotional, and anxious-fearful |
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3 clusters of personality disorders |
Odd-eccentric, dramatic-emotional, and anxious-fearful |
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Odd-eccentric |
Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal |
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3 clusters of personality disorders |
Odd-eccentric, dramatic-emotional, and anxious-fearful |
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Odd-eccentric |
Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal |
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Dramatic-emotional |
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic |
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3 clusters of personality disorders |
Odd-eccentric, dramatic-emotional, and anxious-fearful |
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Odd-eccentric |
Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal |
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Dramatic-emotional |
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic |
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Anxious-fearful |
Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive |
