Protozoa / Helminth

Front 1

Definitive Host

Back 1

The host in which a parasite reaches sexual maturity.

Front 2

Biological Vector

Back 2

Passage via the vector is essential to completion of some stage of the parasite life cycle.

Front 3

Mechanical Vector

Back 3

The only function of the vector is the transmission of the parasite.

Front 4

Name the four major groups of Protozoa

Back 4

1. Schistosoma (Trematoda)
2. Malaria (Protozoa)
3. Hookworms (Nematoda)
4. Ascariasis (Nematoda)

Front 5

What are the 2 forms of protozoa?

Back 5

Trophozoite (motile) & Cyst (transmitted)

Front 6

Name Intestinal & Urogenital Protozoa

Back 6

1. E. Histolytica
2. Giardia lamblia
3. Cryptosporidium parvum
4. Triichomonas vaginalis
5. Toxoplasma gondii
6. Malaria

Front 7

Entamoeba Histolytica

Back 7

1. Amoebic dystentery
2. Temporary Lactose Intolerance
3. Local necrosis & flask-shaped ulcers
4. Progression to sub-mucosa can lead to invasion of portal circulation & systemic disease

Front 8

Acanthomoeba

Back 8

Home-made contact lense solution
-Meningioencephalitis

Front 9

Naegleria

Back 9

Pool
-Meningioencephalitis

Front 10

Helminth Host Defense (first signs of infection)

Back 10

1. Eosinophil count increases

2. IL5 triggered by cysteine proteases

(worms dissolve tissues with cysteine protease mechanisms: immune system triggered by cysteine proteases. eosinophils put IgE on its suface looking for the worm; when it finds it it binds to the worm--does not phagocytoze the worm. crosslinking of IgE causes it to degranulate and the environment of worm to be very toxic. [immune system detects worm via eosinophils]).

Front 11

Niclosamide

Back 11

Tx for tapeworms
Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation

Front 12

Benzimidazole

Back 12

-Inhibits glucose transport & disrupts microtubules
-Broad spectrum

Front 13

Praziquantel

Back 13

-Blocks calcium uptake and antigen exposure

-Broad spectrum
**used for virtual every worm infection, miracle drug.

(1) Tetanic spasm by calcium mimicking
(2)

Front 14

Which helminth drugs are neuromuscular blockers?

Back 14

1. Praziquantel
2. Pyrantel
3. Ivermectin
4. Diethylcarbamazine

Front 15

Which helminth drugs are glucose transport inhibitors / microtubule disruptors?

Back 15

Benzimidazole

Front 16

Pyrantel

Back 16

Interferes with neuromediators

Front 17

Ivermectin

Back 17

Interferes with GABA function
**miracle drug

Front 18

Diethylcarbamazine

Back 18

GABA agonist

Front 19

Which two (helminth drugs) neuromuscular blockers affect GABA?

Back 19

Ivermectin - interferes with GABA function
Diethylcarbamazine - GABA agonist

Front 20

Cestodes / Tapeworms

Back 20

No digestive tract

Front 21

Trematodes (helminth)

Back 21

U shaped digestive tract

Front 22

Nematodes (helminth)

Back 22

Complete digestive tract

Front 23

Diphyllobothrium latum

Back 23

Fish worm

Front 24

Taenia solium

Back 24

pig worm

Front 25

Taenia saginata

Back 25

cow worm

Front 26

Echinoccus granulosis

Back 26

-Sheep worm
-embryo penetrates into human skin but does not replicate in human. penetration gives one hydatid cyst. we are not a host for it.

Front 27

Echonoccus multilocularis

Back 27

-Sheep worm
-Many cysts

Front 28

Hymenolepis hana

Back 28

-Smallest most common tapeworm
-Mice/beetles

Front 29

Dipylidium caninum

Back 29

from eating dog fleas

Front 30

Shared characteristics

Back 30

-Head = solex
-Hooks = Hexacanth (6 hooks)

Front 31

Taenia Solium

Back 31

-Tapeworm from pigs' fecal matter
-CT scan shows cysts all over brain
d/d from Taenia Saginata (cow) = this causes cystocercosis
-Must ingestid proglottid form (not oncosphere)

Tx - Niclosamide

Front 32

Cystecercosis

Back 32

-Taenia solium

Front 33

Taenia Saginata

Back 33

No cysicersosis in humans
NO hooks (d/d solium)
Most common taenia in USA

Tx- niclosamide

Front 34

Cystecercosis risk factor

Back 34

If you ingest PROGLOTTID form of tinea solium!
If you ingest onchosphere form, it is regular infection.