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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryote |
a microscopic sincle-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles
ORGANISM THAT HAS NO NUCLEUS |
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Eukaryotic |
an organism possessing a membrane-bound nucleus |
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Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells |
Eukaryotic cells include the animals, plants, fungi, and protists.
Prokaryotic cells include the eubacteria and archaea. |
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Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) |
a nucleotide essential in photosynthesis and glycolysis
made up of adenine, ribose, and two phosphate units |
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
a nucleotide that contains a large amount of chemical energy stored in its high-energy phosphate bonds
the energy currency of life |
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Photosynthesis |
process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water |
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Cellular respiration |
what cells do to break up sugars into a form that the cell can use as energy |
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Lactic acid |
causes muscle soreness |
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Why does a cell have to divide once it has reached a certain size? |
so it doesn't over implode |
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Mitosis |
Used for growth and repair
Produces diploid cells identical to each other and the parent cell |
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Meiosis |
Used for sexual reproduction
Produces haploid cells different to each other and the parent cell |
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Haploid (N) |
having a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
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Diploid (2N) |
containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent |
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Proteins |
regulates the timing of the cell cycle |
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Who was Gregory Mendel? |
formulated the laws of heredity based on his careful breeding experiments on garden pea plants.
he was recognized for his seminal works on genetics. For this, he has become the father of genetics. |
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Dominant trait |
a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it. |
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Recessive trait |
a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring.
Recessive traits can be carried in a person's geneswithout appearing in that person |
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Results of true breeding tall crossed with true breeding short plants |
half and half |
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Alleles |
one of a number of different forms of a gene |
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Punnett Square |
a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment |
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Crossing over |
the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring |
