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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
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seperation of powers |
seperate institutions sharing power |
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Historical Institutionalism |
It is based on the assumption that institutional rules, constraints, and the responses to them over the long term guide the behaviour of political actors during the policy-making process. Historical institutionalism mixes the quantitative analysis of the rational choice stream with the idea- and culture-based thought of the sociological stream. It includes an eclectic group of scholars with a wide variety of research agendas.Despite the differences, there are some common notions in this line of research. Historical institutionalists seek to define and explain specific real-world political outcomes, such as an election, using the historical legacy of institutional structures and feedbacks available to them. |
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Federalimsm |
multiple sovereigns over the same people |
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Nationalism |
Nation-centered, loyalty and devotion to a nation; especially : a sense of national consciousness (see consciousness) exalting one nation above all other |
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Articles of confederation |
the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789. |
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Constitution- necessary and proper clause |
The Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the elastic clause,[1] is a clause in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution that is as follows:The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. |
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Construction of legislation |
The legislative branch of the federal government, composed primarily of the U.S. Congress, is responsible for making the country’s laws. The members of the two houses of Congress—the House of Representatives and the Senate—are elected by the citizens of the United States. |
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Power of congress |
To strike this balance, they divided power between three separate branches of government: the legislative, the executive and the judicial.Article I of the Constitution established the U.S. Congress, a bi-cameral legislative body consisting of two chambers, or houses. As shown by its prime spot at the beginning of the Constitution, the framers initially intended the legislative branch—which they saw as closest to the people—to be the most powerful of the three branches of government.But as the powers of the presidency and the executive branch expanded during the 19th and 20th centuries, the relative power of Congress diminished, though it still remains essential to the functioning of the nation’s government. |
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Power of president |
According to Article II of the Constitution the President has the following powers:Serve as commander in chief of the armed forcesCommission officers of the armed forcesGrant reprieves and pardons for federal offenses (except impeachment)Convene Congress in special sessionsReceive ambassadorsTake care that the laws be faithfully executedWield the "executive power"Appoint officials to lesser offices |
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Supremecy clause |
Article VI, Paragraph 2 of the U.S. Constitution is commonly referred to as the Supremacy Clause. It establishes that the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions. It prohibits states from interfering with the federal government's exercise of its constitutional powers |
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Amendment x |
The amendment says that the federal government has only those powers specifically granted by the Constitution |
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The great compromise |
The Great Compromise saved the Constitutional Convention, and, probably, the Union. Authored by Connecticut delegate Roger Sherman, it called for proportional representation in the House, and one representative per state in the Senate (this was later changed to two.) |
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Three fifths compromise |
The population of slaves would be counted as three-fifths in total when apportioning Representatives, as well as Presidential electors and taxes. The Three-Fifths Compromise was proposed by James Wilson and Roger Sherman, who were both delegates for the Constitutional Convention of 1787. |
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Civil war amendments |
The Thirteenth Amendment (proposed and ratified in 1865) abolished slavery.The Fourteenth Amendment (proposed in 1866 and ratified in 1868) provides a broad definition of national citizenship, overturning the Dred Scott case, which excluded African Americans. It requires the states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons (not only to citizens) within their jurisdictions.The Fifteenth Amendment (ratified in 1870) grants voting rights regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". |
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Cloture |
(in a legislative assembly) a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote. |
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Veto |
a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body. |
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Pocket veto |
an indirect veto of a legislative bill by the president or a governor by retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session. |
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Veto overide |
2/3 both houses |
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Gerrymandering |
manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class |
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Delegate |
a person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular an elected representative sent to a conference. |
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Trustee |
an individual person or member of a board given control or powers of administration of property in trust with a legal obligation to administer it solely for the purposes specified |
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Agency representation |
type of representation in which representatives have the same racial, gender, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents. |
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Strategic voting |
In voting methods, tactical voting occurs, in elections with more than two candidates, when a voter supports another candidate more strongly than their sincere preference in order to prevent an undesirable outcome. |
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Sincere voting |
Sincere voting is casting a vote for an outcome that the voter prefers above all others. In an election, sincere voting is formally choosing the voter's most preferred candidate |
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Missouri compromise |
The Missouri Compromise was the legislation that provided for the admission to the United States of Maine as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state, thus maintaining the balance of power between North and South in the United States Senate |
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Dred Scott vs sanford |
The Supreme Court decision Dred Scott v. Sandford was issued on March 6, 1857. Delivered by Chief Justice Roger Taney, this opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts |
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Jim Crow laws |
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted by white Democrat-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period, in the late 19th century, the laws were enforced until 1965. |
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Please v Ferguson's |
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equa |
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Brown v board |
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutiona |
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Unequal representation in the senate |
The Senate and the United States Constitution. During the summer of 1787, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia established equal representation in the Senate and proportional representation in the House of Representatives. ... Large states, then, stood to gain the most seats in the Senate. |
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Standing committee |
a permanent committee that meets regularly |
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Select committee |
a small legislative committee appointed for a special purpose. |
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Joint committee |
joint committee is a committee made up of members of both chambers of a bicameral legislature. In other contexts, it refers to a committee with members from more than one organization |
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Seniority rule |
Definition of seniority rule. 1 : a rule in the U.S. Congress by which members have their choice of committee assignments in order of rank based solely on length of service. 2 : a rule in the U.S. Congress by which the member of the majority party who has served longest on a committee receives the chairmanship |
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Congressional caucus |
congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meets to pursue common legislative objectives. |
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Conference committee |
temporary, ad hoc panel composed of House and Senate conferees which is formed for the purpose of reconciling differences in legislation that has passed both chambers |
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Filibuster |
an action such as a prolonged speech that obstructs progress in a legislative assembly while not technically contravening the required procedures. |
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Logrolling |
the practice of exchanging favors, especially in politics by reciprocal voting for each other's proposed legislation |
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Whip system |
whip is an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature. Whips are the party's "enforcers"; they invite their fellow legislators to attend voting sessions and to vote according to the official party policy. |
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Inner and outer cabinet |
Outer Cabinet. The "inner cabinet" is the Departments of Justice, Treasury, State, and Defense. The outer cabinet is like secretaries of the clientele agencies such as the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Interior, and Labor. |
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Independent regulatory agencies |
Independent regulatory agencies are federal agencies created by an act of Congress that are independent of the executive departments. Though they are considered part of the executive branch, these agencies are meant to impose and enforce regulations free of political influence. |
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Federal reserve |
the main governing body of the Federal Reserve System. It is charged with overseeing the Federal Reserve Banks and with helping implement the monetary policy of the United State |
