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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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political culture
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the widely shared beliefs, values, and norms concerning the relationship of citizens to government
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foundations of American culture
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liberty-most cherished
equality individualism |
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nationalism
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group identity
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patronism
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identity towards government
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politics
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struggle over resources, values, and interests
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government
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the institutions, processes, and rules that are designed to facilitate control of a geographical area and its inhabitants
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totalitarian
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all aspects of life are controlled by an individual or group of individuals
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authoritarian
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political institutions are tightly controlled by groups of individuals
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aristocracy
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rule by priviledge
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anarchic
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minimal government
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republicanism
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elect people to represent our interests
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pluralism
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belief that democracy is preserved in a system where there is competition among various groups
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elitist theory
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false premise that government rests upon the consent of the governed
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iron law of oligarchy
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as organizations develop, power becomes concentrated among few
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constitution=elitist document
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background of founders, strong government to protect business interests, lack of direct representation
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living constitution
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power is fluid, few changes since 1789, stands as a symbol of the highest law, allows governors to control governed or vice versa
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5 centers of power
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legislative, executive, judiciary, states, people
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law
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has to pass both chambers of congress, president can then sign or veto
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treaty
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president takes advice from senate
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formalism
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argues that the individual branches are sealed off from one another, and no branch may exercise the power of the other
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functionalism
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blurring of the lines seperating power
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proposing amendment to constitution
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2/3 of both chambers of congress, 2/3 of state legislatures
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ratifying an amendment
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3/4 of state legislatures, 3/4 of state ratifying conventions
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federalism
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the division of powers between a central and subnational government by a written constitution
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expressed powers (national powers)
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tax and spend, borrow money, grant citizenship, coin money, punish counterfeiting, establish public services, punish piracy, declare war
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Variations of the constitution
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magna carta, mayflower compact, declaration of independence, articles of confederation, shays rebellion
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constitution convention
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74 all white/male/landowners, 40 took active role, secret, scrapped Articles of confederation.
called for a republican form of government, balance of power from the 5 sources, voting rights, and supremacy of the national government |
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virginia plan (Mr. Madison's plan)
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bicameral legislature-representation based on population, lower house(people) and upper house (chosen by lower house), executive branch chosen by legislature (no king!)
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new jersey plan (Mr. Paterson's plan)
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unicameral legislature-equal representation, establishment and collection of taxes, executive branch chosen by legislature, judiciary appointed by executives for life (rid them of public opinion), supremacy of national laws
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connecticut compromise
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bicameral legislature-lower house based on population, upper house-equality, slaves are 3/5 of a person, single presidency (electoral college, qualified veto)
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articles
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1-legislature, 2-executive, 3-judiciary, 4-states, 5-people
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marbury vs. madison
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judicial review, judiciary act
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McCullogh vs. Maryland
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congress can make all laws which will execute foregoing powers
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national supremacy clause
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the constitution and laws of the US and all treaties shall be the supreme law of the land
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interstate commerce
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congress has the power to regulate trade among the states and with forein countries
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Gibbons vs. Ogden
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power to regulate interstate commerce was an exclusive national power (New Deal, Great Society)
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Prohibition on national power
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imposition of religous tests for citizenship or for elective office
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state (reserved) powers
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run elections, regulate intrastate commerce, establish republican forms of government, protect public health and safety
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state and national powers (concurrent)
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power to tax, borrow money, take property, enforce laws
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powers denied to states
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tax imports or exports, coin money, enter into treaties, enter compacts with other states without congressional approval, engage in piracy
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evolution of federalism
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state centered-most important political unit, doctrine of nullification-any state could refuse enforcement of national law if it believed the law was unconstitutional, doctrine of secession
dual federalism-equal cooperative federalism-shared, brought about by Great Depression centralized federalism-state is the center surrounded by national, brought about by the Great Society program devolution-returning power to the states |
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fiscal federalism
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the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through state and local governments (provides experimental capital, establishes minimus standards, equalizes resources, attacks national problems with no agency involvement
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categorical grant
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distributed by federal agencies for a specific, narrow project (medicaid), not flexible
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block grants
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grants for general government functions (community development) flexible
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regulatory federalism
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congress relies upon the national supremacy power to override the states (blackmail) clean air act, safe drinking water act
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NIMBY
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not in my back yard
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