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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the enhanced Greenhouse effect?
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CO2 and other gases produced through the combustion of fossil fuels increases the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
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What effect do melting ice caps have?
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reduces the albedo
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How does temperature affect CO2 solubility?
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Reduces solubility in the sea, thus increases the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere
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Where can evidence of past climate changes be found?
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Ice core data
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What happens if regions with frozen subsoil thaw?
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Release of trapped CO2
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Why is sea level rise hard to predict?
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• anomalous expansion of
ater • different effects of ice melting on sea water compared to ice melting on land. |
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What is the predicted sea level rise in the next century?
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18-59cm
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What are some possible solutions to reduce the enhanced greenhouse effect. (6)
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• greater efficiency of power production
• replacing the use of coal and oil with natural gas • use of combined heating and power systems (CHP) • increased use of renewable energy sources and nuclear power • carbon dioxide capture and storage • use of hybrid vehicles. |
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Name 3 international efforts to reduce the enhanced greenhouse effect.
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• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
• Kyoto Protocol • Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APPCDC). |
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What does the enhanced greenhouse effect contribute to?
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Climate change and global warming
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Define the energy density of a fuel
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The ratio of the energy released from the fuel to the mass of the fuel consumed
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What is meant by degraded energ?
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Energy from a cyclical process that is transferred to the surroundings and is no longer available to do work
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Origin of fossil fuels?
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-Formed from the accumulation of dead matter for tens or hundreds of millions of years
-This matter turns into fossil fuels due to the exposure to high temperatures and high pressure |
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What is the world´s proportional energy consumption of coal (approx.)?
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25%
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What is the world´s proportional energy consumption of oil (approx.)?
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40%
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What is the world´s proportional energy consumption of nuclear energy (approx.)?
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6%
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Efficiency of a coal power station?
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35%
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Efficiency of a natural gas power station?
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38%
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Efficiency of an oil power station?
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38%
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Advantages and disadvantages of transportation and storage of natural gas (stored in pipelines)
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Advantages:
-cost effective Disadvantages: -unsightly -susceptible to leaks/ explosions/ terrorist attacks -political instability (withholding the use of pipelines for political reasons) |
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what is the Stefan-Boltzmann law?
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the amount of energy per second (i.e. the power) radiated by a body depends on its surface area A, absolute temperature T, and the properties of the surface:P=eơAT²
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What is the black-body law?
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all bodies that are kept at some absolute (kelvin) temperature T radiate energy in th form of electromagnetic waves.
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What is emissivity?
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it is the constant of Stefan-Boltzmann law:e.
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What is intensity?
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It is the power of radiation received per unit area of the receiver.
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what is albedo?
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the albedo of a body is the ration of the power of radiation reflected or scattered from the body to the total power incedent on the body
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What is Green House effect?
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It is the warming of the earth caused by infrared radiation, emitted by the earth's surface, which is absorbed by various gases in the earth's atmosphere and is then partly reradiated towards the surface.
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What are the gases primarily responsible for absorption of reradiation in the green house effect?
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water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.
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What is ehanced Greenhouse effect?
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it refers to the additional warming due to increased quantities of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere; the increases in the gas concentrations are due to human activity.
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what is surface heat capacity?
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the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1m² of the surface by 1 K.
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what is constant ơ?
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it is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant and equals to: 5.67 * 10^(-8) W. m^(-2). K^(-4)
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