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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aristotle used this argument to prove the earth does not move:
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starts do not show parallax during the course of the year
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Newton thought of Kepler's Second Law as an example of:
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conservations of angular momentum
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If moving in a circular path, you must have:
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centripetal acceleration
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units of force
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kg m/s^2
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Newton, Galileo, Laplace, Kepler and Tycho Brahe all are part of the Copernican revolution except:
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Laplace
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An inertial frame of reference is:
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a rocket moving through empty space with an acceleration of 0 m/s^2
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a bowling ball 10 meters above sea level has:
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the most potential energy
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KE=
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1/2mv^2
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units of energy
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kg (m/s)^2
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when standing on the surface of the earth, the acceleration from gravity depends on:
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the distance from the center of the earth and the mass of the earth
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Aristarchus devised the first heliocentric model of the cosmos. Who resurrected this idea in the 16th century?
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Copernicus
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What is the implication of Kepler's first law?
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a planet's distance from the sun varies
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Newton's third law is:
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for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
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work=
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force x distance
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What is the unit of power?
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the Watt
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Newton's 2nd Law, F=ma, can also be described as
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the chance in momentum divided by the change in time
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When an ice skater tucks her arms in to spin faster, she is demonstrating what principle?
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conservation of angular momentum
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In the 19th century physicist were convinced that electromagnetic waves traveled in a medium known as:
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the ether
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What does an electric field do?
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it accelerates charged particles
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What does a magnetic field do?
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it accelerates charged particles
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Maxwell's equation show that electromagnetic waves travel at:
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the speed of light
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When two waves coming from different directions meet, the combine according to:
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the principle of superposition
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A changing electric field produces
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a changing magnetic field
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Nodes occur in a wave pattern when you have what type of wave motion?
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standing waves
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Waves, in general, can be characterized by which of the following properties?
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wavelength, frequency, speed
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The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of a system increases unless energy is supplied from the outside. What is entropy?
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a measure of the disorder in a system
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An earthquake arranges a group of rocks into a perfect square pattern. This violates what law?
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the second law of thermodynamics
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the person who developed the equations of electromagnetic theory was
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maxwell
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the primary result of the Michelson-Morley experiment was
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that the ether does not exist
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The velocity of light is the same for all observers, in all directions, regardless of the motion of either the observer or the light source. This is...
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the postulate of relativity
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To produce standing waves on a string you must do what?
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fix both ends of the string so they cannot move
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the main point of the thought experiments with the spaceships passing each other while emitting a flash of light, and the train passing the poles on the ground in order to determine its length is:
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what is a simultaneous even for one set of observers is not necessarily simultaneous for another set of observers moving with respect to the first set
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The concept of four-dimensional spacetime was developed by:
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Minkowski
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The special Theory of Relativity was developed by:
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Einstein
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Let's say that you observe a meter stick moving across your line of sight at half the speed of light. What do you see?
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the meter stick is observed to be less than 1 meter in length
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Let's say that you observe a clock moving across your line of sight at half the speed of light. What can you say abotu its time compared to the time on the watch on your wrist?
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the moving clock ticks more slowly
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Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the highest frequency?
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x-rays
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Einstein decided to replace the Galilean transformations with which set of transformations for all classical physical theories?
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the lorentz transformations
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in the twin paradox, which of the following statements is correct?
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the twin that travels through space ages more slowly
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From which theory does the famous formula E=mc^2 come from?
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special relativity
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When you are looking at an object moving at constant velocity across your line of sight, what happens to its mass?
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it increases
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"No experiment performed in once place can distinguish a gravitational field from an accelerated reference frame." This is a statement of
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the Principle of Equivalence
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Mass tells space time how to bend and
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bent space time tells mass how to move
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The General Theory of Relativity also predicts time dilation. What clock would move the slowest according to GR?
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a clock in the basement of the physics building
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Which of the following phenomena cannot be explained by general relativity?
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the photoelectric effect
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Which of the following was the first really important successful test of the Theory of General Relativity?
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the bending of light during a solar eclipse
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Einstein successfully detected the presence of atoms in a liquid by observing which phenomenon?
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brownian motion
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Who discovered the electron?
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J.J. Thomson
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What happens at absolute zero?
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atomic and molecular motion ceases
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the person who discovered the nucleus was
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ernest rutherford
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You fire a multitude of alpha particles at some aluminum foil. a few of those particles come right back at you. what does this tell you?
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the aluminum atoms must have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus
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what was Max Planck's contribution to Quantum Mechanics?
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suggesting that light is emitted in little bundles of energy that depend on the frequency
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Einstein's initial contribution to the development of Quantum Mechanics was
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to explain the photoelectric effect in terms of little bundles of light energy
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Niels Bohr got several things wrong abotu Quantum Theory, but he was right in stating that
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electron energy states are discrete
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What was deBroglie's contribution to Quantum Mechanics?
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suggesting that particles exhibit wave behavior
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What was Schrodinger's contribution to Quantum Mechanics?
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the development of a force equation for the theory
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Wolfgang Pauli came up with an exclusion principle for electrons. What is the most important consequence of this principle?
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the periodic table could now be explained
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What is a black hole?
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a region where the curvature of space time is so great that not even light can leave it
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a stream of fast-moving electrons produced from a cathode ray tube can be deflected by
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a magnetic field, an electric field, a negatively charged metal plate, a positively charged metal plate
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which of the following famous scientists was not directly involved in the development of the theory of Quantum Mechanics
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JJ Thomson
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Newton's first law of motion
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objects in motion at a constant velocity remain in motion unless a force acts on them
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Newton's 2nd law
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force=massXdistance; change in momentum over a change in time
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Newton's 3rd Law
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action/reaction
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Copernicus
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resurrects the heliocentric model, and had circular planets
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ptolemy
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geocentric model
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Kepler's 1st law
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planets move around the sun in elliptical orbits
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Kepler's 2nd law
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equal areas of an orbit area are swept out in equal times
(conservation of angular momentum) |
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Kepler's 3rd law
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p^2=a^3; p is measured in years and a is units away from the sun(earth's distance)
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Universe is expanding and the expansion is explainable in terms of
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Einstein’s Theory of Relativity
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Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.
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larger energy density means that it was hotter back then and so where did the energy from all that heat go to
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two big changes in this field
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discovery of Dark Matter and Dark Energy
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dark energy
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works like a repulsive gravity and drives the Universe apart making spacetime accelerate ever faster.
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