Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Structures of the Breast
|
Glandular Tissue (Lobes, Lobules, Lactiferious ducts) Fibrous Tissue (Connective Tissue)Adipose Tissue (Fat) Axillary tail of Spence Lymph Nodes |
|
|
|
Axillary Nodes
|
central, pectoral, subcapular, lateral
|
CLPS
|
|
|
Lymph Vessels
|
Carry lymph and WBC
|
Deals with immunity
|
|
|
Lymph Nodes
|
Filters substances to fight infection
|
Deals with immunity (Infection Control)
|
|
|
Acute Bacterial Mastitis
|
Signs of acute inflammation in breast during lactation
|
Deals with breastfeeding
|
|
|
Breast Absess
|
Fever, malaise, breast tenderness, decreased milk flow, nipple discharge
|
Deals with Infectious symptoms & lactation
|
|
|
Periductal Mastitis
|
Nipple discharge, mass, nipple retraction
|
Deals with nipples
|
|
|
Mastalgia: What is it?
Types of Pain? |
Breast Infection
Cyclic Pain: response to monthly changes in estrogen pain Non-cyclic Pain: Breast biopsy & arthritic pain |
Hormone responses
Breast exam to evaluate pain |
|
|
Treatment of Breast Infections
|
- limit sodium
- decrease caffiene - pain relief drugs - diuretics to decrease excess fluid - Vitamins - Cyst. aspiration - Maintain ideal weight |
Cyst. Aspiration: needle & syringe inserted to drain and diagnose breast cyst.
|
|
|
Male Bilateral Gynecomastia
What is it? Treatment Options? |
Male breasts due to hormone imbalance (Estrogen > Testosterone)
Treatment: - Meds & Surgery - Stop rec. drugs |
Man titties
|
|
|
Lung Sounds
IPPA |
I - observe equal bilateral raise
P - assess lung consolidation, fluid & tissue build up in pleural P - listen for resonant (over lung tissue) & dull sounds (bone) A - listen to lung sounds |
What is normally found through lung assessment
|
|
|
Lung Sounds
|
Normal sounds = soft & low pitched
Crackles (Fine) = popping, high-pitched Crackles (Hoarse) = popping, loud low-pitched Wheeze (High/Low-pitched) |
Name the 5 common lung sounds assessed
|
|
|
Vertical Diameter
|
Muscle of Respiration Lengthens/shortens with the movement of the diaphragm through inspiration |
Deals with breathing
|
|
|
Anteroposterior Diameter
|
Muscle of Respiration
Moves up or down with movement of ribs on expiration |
Deals with breathing
|
|
|
COPD
What is it? |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Obstructive lung disease, chronically poor airflow S&S - shortness of breath, sputum production, cough |
Deals with lungs & breathing
|
|
|
S&S of Heart Failure
|
- dilated pupils
- skin: pale, gray, cyanosis - dyspnea (shortness of breath) - Orthopnea (difficulty breathing, when laying flat) - crackles, wheeze - decreased B/P - nausea/vomitting - Edema - Anxiety - Confusion - decreased O2 sat - Fatigue - decreased urine output |
|
|
|
Tactile Fremitus
What is it? Most intense? |
Vibration felt on chest when speaking low
Most Intense: right second intercostal space (Interscapular) |
Deals with chest assessment
|
|
|
Pneothorax
|
tmypanic sound, air stretching across pleural space
|
Deals with breathing & lung sounds
|
|
|
Pleural Effusion
|
dampened/muffled sounds, fluid between pleural membranes
|
Deals with breathing & lung sounds
|
|
|
Chest Type (Barrel)
|
Deep broad chest
|
|
|
|
Chest Type (Scoliosis)
|
Spine curvature
|
|
|
|
Chest Type (Pigeon)
|
Chest sticks out
|
|
|
|
Heart Assessment
All Pigs Eat Too Much |
A = Aortic area
P = Pulmonic area E = Erb's point R = Mitral area T = Tricuspid area |
Order of heart auscultation
|
|
|
Blood Flow through Heart
|
Right Side: Vena cava -> R/A -> R/V -> Tricuspid -> pulmonary artery (Lungs for oxygenation)
Left Side: Pulmonary vein -> L/A -> Mitral -> Aortic valve |
Path of Blood through Heart (Left & Right)
|
|
|
Heart Disease
Preventable Risks |
- increased B/P
- increased cholesterol - Diabetes - Alcohol - Smoking - Stress - Physical inactivity |
Lifestyle/Diet factors
|
|
|
Heart Disease
Non-Preventable Risks |
- Age
- Gender - Family history - Ethnicity - History of strokes |
Biological factors
|
|
|
Heart Sounds
|
S1 = Mitral & Tricuspid valves closing (LUBB)
S2 = Aortic & pulmonary valves closing (DUBB) S3 = ventricular gallop, signal cardiac problems S4 = Presystolic gallop, sound of blood rushing into stiff ventricle |
4 common heart sounds
|
|
|
Heart Pacemaker
What is it? Identify it's parts |
- regulates HR & rhythm
- treats arrhythmia if drugs don't work Two Parts: - Leads - transmits electrical impulses to heart muscle - Pacemaker - generates electrical impulses |
Deals with the heart & arrhythmia
|
|
|
Arteriosclerosis
|
hardening of the arteries, increases B/P
|
Deals with B/P & Arteries
|
|
|
Aging & Artheriosclerosis
|
- arteries more rigid with age
- intramuscular calf veins enlarge (Varicose Veins) - size of lymph nodes decreases - Prolonged bedrest/sitting increases risk for DVT |
As we age we decompose
|
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
build up of fat, cholesterol & other substances in the arteries
|
Deals with arteries
|
|
|
Edema Scale
|
1+ Mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of leg
2+ Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly 3+ Deep pitting, indentation, lasts short time 4+ Very deep pitting, indentation lasts long time |
|
|
|
Edema
What is it? Risks & Causes? |
Decreased movement of fluids in the body
- Prolonged bedrest, edema occurs Risks: DVT, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Common Cause: Heart failure |
|
|
|
Liver
What is it? Location ? |
Upper Right Quad of Abdomen
- cleanses blood - regulates supply of fuel - manufactures body proteins - balances hormones - regulates body cholesterol |
Your liver really hates you
|
|
|
Hepatitis
|
Inflammation of liver
|
Deals with liver
|
|
|
Aphasia
|
Disorder caused by damage to brain controlling language
|
Deals with brain trauma & communication
|
|
|
Dysphasia
|
Language disorder marked by speech deficiency
|
Deals with communication
|
|
|
Dysphagia
|
Difficulty swallowing
|
Deals with ingestion
|
|
|
Myophagia
|
Invasion of degenerated muscle sacroplasm by histiocytes
|
Don't even know what the heck ...
|
|
|
Pyelonephritis
What is it? S&S? |
Kidney infection, can become blood infection (Dangerous)
S&S: - back pain - fever - Nausea & vomitting - confusion - hematuria - cloudy/foul smelling urine - pain when urinating - increase frequency of urination |
Deals with kidneys
|
|
|
Assessment of Kidney
|
Palpate kidneys for tenderness
- urinaysis - CT scan - Urine & Blood cultures - ultrasound of kidneys |
Tests preformed to assess Kidneys
|
|
|
Pinworms in Children
S&S |
S&S:
- itching around rectum - restless sleep - vaginal discharge - abdominal pain - nausea |
Deals with GI system
|
|
|
Polyp
|
abnormal growth on mucous membrane
|
|
|
|
Pruritus ani
|
irritation of skin at rectum (butthole)
|
Deals with dat booty
|
|
|
Benign Tumor
|
mass of cells that can't specialize
|
Deals with cells
|
|
|
Pilonidial Cyst
|
painful boil at end of tailbone
|
Deals with tailbone
|
|
|
Rectal polyp
|
abnormal growth, causes colorectal cancer
|
Similar to normal polyp, deals with GI
|
|
|
Fecal Impaction
|
hard lump of dry stool stuck in rectum
|
Deals with GI
|
|
|
Rectal Abscess
|
boil near anus
|
Deals with GI
|
|
|
Rectal Prolapse
|
rectum falls out of anus
|
Just ew!
|
|
|
Parts of Muscoskeletal System
|
- shoulder
- spine -elbow - wrist & carpals - hip - knee - ankle & foot |
Important joints in the body
|
|
|
Arthritis
|
inflammation of joints
|
Deals with joints
|
|
|
Osteoporosis
|
low bone mass, deterioration of bone
|
Deals with bone density
|
|
|
ROM (Neck)
|
- flexion/extension
- rotation - lateral bending |
Stretches for the neck
|
|
|
ROM (Knee)
|
- flexion/extension
|
Stretches for the knee
|
|
|
ROM (Hip)
|
- flexion/extension/hyper
- adduction/abduction - rotation (medial/lateral) |
Stretches for the hips
|
|
|
Aging & Height Changes
|
gradual shrinking with age
|
Grandma <3
|
|
|
Function of Lobes
Frontal |
Front of brain, associated with:
- reasoning - motor skills - expressive language |
|
|
|
Function of Lobes
Parietal |
middle of brain, associated with:
- sensory info - pressure - touch - pain |
Deals with senses/nerves
|
|
|
Function of Lobes
Temporal |
bottom of brain, associated with:
- interprets sound & language - formation of memories |
|
|
|
Function of Lobes
Occipital |
back of brain, interprets visual stimuli
|
|
|
|
Function of Brain Structures
Cerebellum |
Coordination of voluntary movements
- equilibrium - muscle tone |
|
|
|
Function of Brain Structures
Hypothalamus |
Controls:
- temp - HR - B/P - Sleep - emotional status - pituitary gland regulator |
|
|
|
Function of Brain Structures
Basal Ganglia |
Controls autonomic movement
(Eg. swinging arms while walking) |
Swagger your walk
|
|
|
DVT (Deep Venous Thrombosis)
What is it? Cause? |
Formation of blood clot in one or more deep veins, usually legs
Cause: vascular damage, prolonged bedrest, thick blood, blood flow restriction |
|
|
|
Modifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer |
- Obesity - Multiple drinks a day - Hormone therapy - Having child (30+ years) - Contraceptives |
|
|
|
Modifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer |
- Obesity - Multiple drinks a day - Hormone therapy - Having child (30+ years) - Contraceptives |
|
|
|
Prostatitis What is it? S&S? |
Acute inflammation of prostate gland S&S: fever, chills, malaise, urinary frequency & urgency, urethral discharge |
|
|
|
Modifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer |
- Obesity - Multiple drinks a day - Hormone therapy - Having child (30+ years) - Contraceptives |
|
|
|
Prostatitis What is it? S&S? |
Acute inflammation of prostate gland S&S: fever, chills, malaise, urinary frequency & urgency, urethral discharge |
|
|
|
Carcinoma What is it? S&S? |
Malignant neoplasm, starts as hard nodule on prostate S&S: nocturia, hematuria, weak stream, pain/burning when urinating |
|
|
|
Prostate What is it? |
- Anterior to rectum, behind symphysis pubis - Secretes fluid to help sperm viability - Heart shapes, 2.5 cm long & 4cm in diameter |
|
