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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is meant by the "desired action" of a drug? |
The expected response - the drug does what it is supposed to do - it gives the desired therapeutic effects |
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How can a nurse help to reduce the side effects of a drug? |
Give low doses Take the drugs with food or water |
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What are some drug side-effects that a nurse must stop the dosage immediately? |
Syncope (fainting) Insomnia |
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Are side effects expected effects of a drug? |
Yes |
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What class of drugs cause severe side effects to the liver? What class does the same to the kidney |
Liver - hepatoxic Kidney - nephrotoxic |
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Drug responses that are strange, unique, peculiar or unpredictable are called? |
Idiosyncratic responses |
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Idiosyncratic responses can produce an unexpected result such as ______or _______ or an __________ |
Pain, bleeding or overresponse |
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This type of idiosyncratic response happens where the opposite of what would be expected happens |
Paradoxical effect |
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This allergic reaction cause trouble breathing and the heart to stop? |
Anaphylactic reaction |
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Clinical signs of anaphylactic reaction to a drug? |
Swelling of lips, throat, trachea that prevents breathing |
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Name all of the drug actions and responses? |
Desired effect - result is reached
Side effect - expected effect
Adverse effect or reaction - more severe symptoms or problem
Idiosyncratic response - special or strange response (unknown)
Paradoxical reaction - the opposite of what is expected of the drug
Allergic (hypersensitivity) responses - body builds up antibodies to fight the drug
Anaphylactic reaction - a severe allergic reaction |
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Common symptoms of a side effect? |
Nausea Diarrhea Constipation |
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Common symptoms of an allergic reaction? |
Hives Rash Itching or swelling of the skin |
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What is a generic equivalent drug? |
Generic drugs that are identical to the initial brand, having the same ingredients |
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What is a drug interaction? |
When one drug changes the interaction of another drug |
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Drug interactions takes place during this process? |
Metabolism/biotransformation of the liver |
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What is an additive effect? |
When drugs are given together to boost the effectiveness of the other drug |
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What adverse effect does antibiotic have on birth control? |
Makes it less effective causing the woman to become pregnant |
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If one drug interferes with the action of another drug it has an ________ effect? |
Antagonistic |
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What is drug displacement |
When one drug replaces another drug at the receptor site decreasing the effects of the first drug |
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What is a drug synergistic effect? |
The effect of taking two drugs at the same time is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug given alone |
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Which muscle for Infants has the highest absorption rate |
Deltoid |
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Which muscle for Infants has the lowest absorption rate |
Gluteal muscle (buttock) |
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List the following muscles from lowest to highest in absorption for neonatal and children: vastus lateralis, gluteal muscle and deltoid? |
Deltoid Vastus Lateralis Gluteal (Buttock) Muscle |
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What are prodrugs |
Drugs that must be metabolized before the are active |
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Why are children given medical dosages per mg/kg/dose |
They absorb meds more than adults because of a higher metabolism rate |
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Why are children given medical dosages per mg/kg/dose |
They absorb meds more than adults because of a higher metabolism rate |
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Why is a neonatal (less than one month of age) unable to absorb oral drugs from the GI tract? |
There's no gastric acid present to break down the drugs No intestinal bacteria No enzymes function to metabolize the drug |
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What is the best form of drugs to give to neonates, Infants and younger children? Explain why |
Water-soluble drugs It is more widespread because of their high percentage of water |
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Does Water-soluble drugs absorb fast in older children and adolescents? Explain why |
No Because older children and adolescents distribution is affected by lean-to-fat body mass ratio |
