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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Discuss Michaelis-Menten kinetics:
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Discuss the Lineweaver-Burk plot:
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Discuss enzyme inhibition:
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Overall summary of enzyme kinetics
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What is bioavailability?
IV vs. oral-- |
Fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged.
For an IV dose, F = 100%. Orally: F typically <100% to incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism. |
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Discuss volume of distribution:
what can alter Vd? |
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Discuss half life:
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Discuss drug clearance:
what can impair it? |
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Discuss drug dosage calculations:
in renal and liver disease? |
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Discuss zero-order drug elimination:
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Discuss first-order drug elimination:
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Discuss urine pH and drug elimination:
weak acids-- weak bases-- |
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Discuss phase I and phase II drug metabolism:
considerations in geriatric patients? |
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What is efficacy?
What is potency? give examples of classes with high efficacy/potency |
Efficacy: Maximal effect a drug can produce. High-efficacy drug classes are analgesic (pain) medications, antibiotics, antihistamines, and decongestants. Partial agonists have less efficacy than full agonists.
Potency: Amount of drug needed for a given effect. Higher potency means higher affinity for receptor. Highly potent drug classes include chemotherapeutic (cancer) drugs, antihypertensive (blood pressure) drugs, and antilipid (cholesterol) drugs. |
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Discuss receptor binding in the context of competitive agonists, noncompetitive agonists, and partial agonists:
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What is the therapeutic index?
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What is the therapeutic window?
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Measure of clinical drug safety. Range of minimum effective close to minimum toxic dose.
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Diagram summary of CNS/PNS, with neurotransmitters and receptors:
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Discuss kinds of ACh receptors:
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Nicotinic ACh receptors are ligand-gated Na+/K+ channels; there are NN (found in autonomic ganglia) and NM (found in neuromuscular junction) subtypes.
Muscarinic ACh receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that act through 2nd messengers; 5 subtypes: M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5. |
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Discuss sympathetic G protein linked 2nd messengers:
receptor class-- g protein class-- major functions-- |
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Discuss parasympathetic G protein linked 2nd messengers:
receptor class-- g protein class-- major functions-- |
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Discuss dopamine receptors:
receptor class-- g protein class-- major functions-- |
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Discuss histamine receptors:
receptor class-- g protein class-- major functions-- |
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Discuss vasopressin receptors:
receptor class-- g protein class-- major functions-- |
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Crazy yet effective mnemonic for remembering g-protein classes associated with different receptors:
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"Qiss (kiss) and qiq (kick) till you're siq (sick) of sqs (super qinky sex)."
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Summary of autonomic actions leading to smooth muscle contraction:
Summary of actions leading to cardiac/striated muscle contraction: |
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Diagram of actions of autonomic drugs:
cholinergic-- adrenergic-- |
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Diagram of a Noradrenergic nerve terminal:
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Cholinomimetic agents:
List 4 direct agonists: and their clinical applications: and their actions: |
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Cholinomimetic agents:
List 5 Indirect agonists (anticholinesterases): and their clinical applications: and their actions: |
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Discuss Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning:
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Often due to organophosphates, such as parathion, that irreversibly inhibit AChE.
Causes Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, and Salivation. Antidote: atropine + pralidoxime (regenerates active AChE). *DUMBBELSS. Organophosphates are components of insecticides; poisoning usually seen in farmers. |
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List muscarinic antagonists:
and the organ systems they affect: and their clinical applications: |
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Discuss atropine:
Its effects on various organ systems: And its toxicity/side effects: |
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List some Direct sympathomimetics:
Their effects on a1, a2, ß1, ß2, and D1 receptors: Their clinical applications: |
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List some Indirect sympathomimetics:
Their effects on a1, a2, ß1, ß2, and D1 receptors: Their clinical applications: |
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Discuss norepinephrine vs. isoproterenol:
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List and describe 2 Sympathoplegics:
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List and discuss applications and toxicity of nonselective, a1 selective, and a2 selective alpha blockers:
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Discuss alpha blockade of epinephrine vs. phenylephrine:
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ß-blockers:
list 9-- list applications and effects-- toxicity-- selectivity-- |
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Specific antidotes:
list toxins and their antidotes/treatments: |
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List 4 cardiovascular drug reactions:
and causal agents for each-- |
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List 7 hematologic drug reactions:
and causal agents for each-- |
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List 2 respiratory drug reactions:
and causal agents for each-- |
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List 4 GI drug reactions:
and causal agents for each-- |
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List 5 reproductive/endocrine drug reactions:
and causal agents for each-- |
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List 10 MS/Cx Tissue drug reactions:
and causal agents for each-- |
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List 5 renal/GU drug reactions:
and causal agents for each-- |
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List 4 neurologic cardiovascular drug reactions:
and causal agents for each-- |
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List 3 multiorgan drug reactions:
and causal agents for each-- |
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List P-450 Inducers (8) and Inhibitors (12):
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List (8) and discuss sulfa drugs:
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Drug categories by ending:
antimicrobials-- |
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Drug categories by ending:
CNS drugs-- |
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Drug categories by ending:
autonomic drugs-- |
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Drug categories by ending:
cardiovascular drugs-- |
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Drug categories by ending:
other-- |
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