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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismal) |
Class: antidiarrheal, adsorbant Indications: diarrhea Dose: 30 mL or 2 tabs q 30-60 minutes (max 8 doses) Adverse effects: aspirin based adverse effects, temporary darkening of tongue and stool Contraindications: children or teens recovering from the flu or chicken pox, may cause Reye’s syndrome Interactions: warfarin, aspirin, confusion in elderly Administration: available OTC |
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diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil) |
Class: antidiarrheal, opiate Indications: diarrhea Dose: 5 mg 3-4 times/day tapered to 25 mg 3-4 times/day Adverse effects: abuse/dependence, extreme anticholinergic effects Contraindications: diarrhea associated with pseudomembranous colitis or toxigenic bacteria Interactions: other anticholinergic Administration: oral use only |
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loperamide (Imodium A-D) |
Class: antidiarrheal, opiate Indications: diarrhea Dose: 4 mg followed by 2 mg after a BM (max 16 mg) Adverse effects: respiratory depression, urinary retention, constipation Contraindications: severe ulcerative colitis, pseudomembranous colitis, acute diarrhea associated with e. Coli Interactions: CNS depressants, opioids, sedative hypnotics, antipsychotics, skeletal muscle relaxants Administration: OTC |
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glycerin |
Class: hyperosmotic laxative Indications: constipation Dose: 1 suppository daily Adverse effects: abdominal bloating, rectal irritation, electrolyte imbalances Contraindications: allergy Interactions: barbiturates, general anesthetics, opioids, antipsychotics Administration: for children’s and adults |
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methylcellulose |
Class: bulk forming laxative Indications: constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulosis Dose: 1 heaping tbsp in 8 ounces cold water daily-tid Adverse effects: impaction above strictures, fluid disturbances, electrolyte imbalances, gas formation esophageal blockage, allergic reaction Contraindications: GI obstruction, hepatitis Interactions: antibiotics, digoxin, salicylates, tetracycline, warfarin Administration: comes in powdered form |
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lactulose |
Class: hyperosmotic laxative Indications: constipation Dose: 15-30 ml daily or bid Adverse effects: abdominal bloating, rectal irritation, electrolyte imbalances Contraindications: low lactose diets Interactions: barbiturates, general anesthetics, opioids, antipsychotics Administration: for oral or rectal use |
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docusate sodium (Colace) |
Class: emollient laxative Indications: constipation, anorectal conditions requiring facilitation of bowel movements Dose: 50-300 mcg/day Adverse effects: skin rashes, decreased absorption of vitamins, lipid pneumonia, electrolyte imbalances Contraindications: intestinal obstruction, decal impaction, nausea, vomiting Interactions: ? Administration: simply softens stool |
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polyethylene glycol |
Class: hyperosmotic laxative Indications: GI lovage, total cleansing of bowel Dose: 4L Adverse effects: bloating, rectal irritation electrolyte imbalances Contraindications: GI obstruction gastric retention, bowel perforation, toxic colitis, toxic mega colon, ileus Interactions: barbiturates, general anesthetics, opioids, antipsychotics Administration: patient must fast for 4 hours before drinking |
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senna (Senokot) |
Class: stimulant laxative Indications: acute constipation, bowel preparation for surgery or examination Dose: max 4 tabs or 30 ml Adverse effects: abdominal pain Contraindications: appendicitis, obstructions Interactions: antibiotics, digoxin, nitrofurantoin, salicylates, tetracyclines, anticoagulants Administration: can produce BM in 6-12 hours |
