Pharm 236 Ch 22

Front 1

They hypothalamus of the brain and the pituitary gland interact to control most metabolic functions of the body and to maintain ________.

Back 1

Homeostasis

Front 2

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are anatomically connected by the funnel shaped _________ stalk.

Back 2

Hypophyseal

Front 3

The __________ controls secretions of the pituitary gland.

Back 3

hypothalamus

Front 4

The pituitary gland regulates secretions of functions of other body tissues called ____________.

Back 4

Target tissues

Front 5

The posterior pituitary is anatomically an extension of the hypothalamus and is composed mainly of _______ fibers.

Back 5

nerve

Front 6

Also called ACTH; stimulates the adreanal cortex to produce corticosteroids.

Back 6

Corticotropin

Front 7

Also called somatotropin; stimulates growth of body tissues.

Back 7

GH growth hormone

Front 8

Causes release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Back 8

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Front 9

Also called TSH; regulates secretion of thyroid hormones.

Back 9

Thyotropin

Front 10

What is the function of FSH in the human body?

Back 10

FSH one of the gonadotropins stimulates function of sex glands. FSH is produced by the anterior pituitary gland of both sexes, beginning at puberty. It acts on the ovaries in a cyclical fashion during the reproductive years, stimulating growth of ovarian follicles. These follicles then produce estrogen, which prepares the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized ovum. FSH acts on the testes to stimulate the production and growth of sperm (spermatogenesis), but it does not stimulate secretion of male sex hormones.

Front 11

What is the function of LH in the human body?

Back 11

LH (also called interstitial cell stimulating hormone) is another gonadotropin that stimulates hormone production by the gonads of both sexes. In women, LH is important in the maturation and rupture of the ovarian follicle (ovulation). After ovulation, LH acts on the cells of the collapsed follicular sac to produce the corpus luteum, which then produces progesterone during the last half of the menstrual cycle. When blood progesterone during the last half of the menstrual cycle. When blood progesterone levels rise a negative feedback effect is exerted on hypothalamic and anterior pituitary secretion of gonadotropins. Decreased pituitary secretion of LH causes the corpus lutem to die and stop producing progesterone. Lack of progesterone causes slough and discharge of the endometrial lining as menstrual flow. (Of course if the ovum has been fertilized and attached to the endometrium, menstruation does not occur.) In men, LH stimulates the Leydig's cells in the spaces between the seminiferous tubules to

Front 12

What is the function of prolactin in the human body?

Back 12

Prolactin plays a part in milk production by nursing mothers. It is not usually secreted in nonpregnant women because of the hypothalamic hormone PIF. During late pregnancy and lactation various stimuli, including suckling, inhibit the production of PIF, allowing prolactin to be synthesized and released.

Front 13

What is the function of melanocyte stimulating hormone in the human body?

Back 13

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) plays a role in skin pigmentation and has recently been found to play important roles in feeding and energy metabolism as well as in inflammation. Recently , MSH, particularly gamma MSH, has been linked to cardiovascular regulation and sodium metabolism.

Front 14

What is the function of oxytocin in the human body?

Back 14

Oxytocin functions in childbirth and lactation. It initiates uterine contraction at the end of gestation to induce childbirth and it causes milk to move form the breast glands to nipples so the infant can obtain the milk by suckling.

Front 15

Case study:

Mr. Chasen is diagnosed with end stage prostate cancer. The physician orders Lupron 1 mg subcutaneously each day. You are responsible for the clients education regarding this disease process and medication regimen.

1. You explain that leuprolide (Lupron) initially stimulates LH and FSH secretion. After chronic administration of therapeutic doses, however, what does this drugs do?

Back 15

The drugs goserelin (Zoladex), (Vantas), leuprolide (Lupron), nafarelin (Synarel), and triptorelin (Trelstar) are equivalent to GnRH. After initial stimulation of LH and FSH secretion, chronic administration of therapeutic doses inhibits gonadotropin secretion.

Front 16

Case study:

Mr. Chasen is diagnosed with end stage prostate cancer. The physician orders Lupron 1 mg subcutaneously each day. You are responsible for the clients education regarding this disease process and medication regimen.

2. Mr. Chasen is concerned with eh is told that his medication regimen will decrease his testerone level and asks whether this change is permanent. How would you respond?

Back 16

After initial stimulation of LH and FSH secretion, chronic administration of therapeutic doses inhibits gonadotropin secretion. This action results in decreased production of testosterone and estrogen, which is reversible when administration is stopped.

Front 17

Case study:

Mr. Chasen is diagnosed with end stage prostate cancer. The physician orders Lupron 1 mg subcutaneously each day. You are responsible for the clients education regarding this disease process and medication regimen.

3. Mrs. Chasen your patients wife is hestant to administer the medication by injection and asks whether her husband can take the mediation by mouth. How would you respond? What other information can you give Mrs. Chasen regarding dosing?

Back 17

These GnRH sequivalents cannot be given orally, because they would be be destroyed by enzymes in the GI tract. Goserelin (Zoladex), histrelin (vantas), leuprolide (Lupron), nafarelin (Synarel), and triptorelin (Telstar) are given by injection and are avaliable in depot preparations that can be given once monthly or less often.

Front 18

Case study:

Mr. Chasen is diagnosed with end stage prostate cancer. The physician orders Lupron 1 mg subcutaneously each day. You are responsible for the clients education regarding this disease process and medication regimen.

4. What information would you give the patient regarding the adverse effects related to lupron?

Back 18

Adverse effects of Lupron are basically those of testosterone or estrogen deficiency. When given for prostate cancer, the drug may cause increased bone pain and increased difficulty in urinating during the first few weeks of treatment.

Front 19

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called ______________ functions to regulate water balance.

Back 19

Vasopressin

Front 20

The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases two hormones that are synthesized by nerve cells in the hypothalamus what are these two hormones?

a. PTH

b. MSH

c. ADH

d. Oxytocin

Back 20

c, d

Rationale: The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases tow hormones that are synthesized by nerve cells in the hypothalamus: ADH and oxytocin.

Front 21

Mrs . Gates is diagosed with hyperpituitarism. This condition is most often treated with which of the following? (select all that apply)

a. Medication to reduce pituitary secretion

b. Antibiotics

c. Surgery

d. Radiation

Back 21

c, d

Rationale: Conditions resulting from excessive amounts of pituitary hormones (hyperpituitarism) are most often treated with surgery or radiation.

Front 22

Mrs. Caster is diagnosed with a pituitary hormone deficiency. She complains that her drug dosages are modified frequently; you explain that the dosage of all pituitary hormones must be individualized. Which of the following factors determines the dosage?

a. The responsiveness of affected tissues, which varies

b. The age of the client

c. The weight of the client

d. The responsiveness of the affected tissues, which is static.

Back 22

a

Rationale: Dosages of all pituitary hormones must be individualized, because the responsiveness of affected tissues varies.

Front 23

Mrs. Andrews age 45 states that she has experienced a burst of energy since she received GH at a clinic. She presents to the physicians office with dizziness and headaches. Which of the following is a side effect of GH?

a. Congestive heart failure

b. Vertigo

c. Hyperglycemia

d. Hypertension

Back 23

d.

Rationale: Middle aged and older adults my use GH to combat the effects of aging such as decreased energy, weaker muscles and joints, and wrinkled skin. Possible adverse effects associated with GH especially with high doses or chronic use include acromegaly, diabetes, hypertension, and increased risk of serious cardiovascular disease (ex. Heart Failure)

Front 24

Ms. Banka, age 43 has a history of breast cancer, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation. She has heard that GH will improve her appearance and increase her energy. You understand that based on her diagnosis, GH increases Mr. Banka's risk for which of the following conditions?

a. Cancer

b. GI Disease

c. Pancreatitis

d. Diabetes type 2

Back 24

a.

Rationale: There is concern about a possible link between GH, which stimulates tumor growth and cancer. GH stimulates the release of IGF-1 (also called somatomedin) a substance that circulates in the blood and stimulates cell division. Most tumor cells have receptors that recognize IGF -1, bind it, and allow it to enter the cell, where it could trigger uncontrolled cell division. This concern may be greater for middle aged and older adults, because malignancies are more common in these groups than in adolescents and young adults.

Front 25

Mrs. Strands, age 22, is 2 weeks after her due date for delivery of her second child. In order to induce labor, the physician order IV _____________

Back 25

Oxytocin

Front 26

Mrs. Strands asks how the IV medication will induce labor which of the following does the medication do?

a. Promotes uterine irritability

b. Increases oxygenation to the uterus

c. Causes labor to continue slowly

d. Promotes uterine contractility

Back 26

Oxytocin (Pitocin) is a synthetic drug that exerts the same physiologic effects as the posterior pituitary hormone. It promotes uterine contractility and is used clinically to induce labor and in the postpartum period to control bleeding. Oxytocin must be used only when clearly indicated and when the recipient can be supervised by well trained personnel as in a hospital.

Front 27

__________ is used in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices because of its vasoconstrictive effects.

Back 27

Vasopressin

Front 28

Mrs. Bates is diagnosed with diabetes insipidus the physician order desmopressin, which is the synthetic equivalent of which of the following hormones?

a. PTH

b. ACTH

c. ADH

d. PTCH

Back 28

c.

Rationale: Desmopressin (DDAVP, Stimate), and vasopressin, Pitressin) are synthetic equivalents of ADH. A major clinical use is the treatment of neurogenic diabetes insipidus, a disorder characterized by deficiency of ADH and the excretion of large amount of dilute urine.

Front 29

Mr. France is diagnosed with acromegaly. His secondary diagnoses includes hypertension, diabetes type 2, and a status post myocardial infact in 1992. Based on his diagnoses, the physician would modify the does of which of his medications?

a. Hypoglycemic medication

b. antihypertensive medication

c. Antianginal medication

d. Nitrate medication

Back 29

a.

Rationale: Pegvisomant (Somavert) is a GH receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acromegaly in adults who are unable to tolerate or are resistant to other management strategies. The drug selectively binds to GH receptors, blocking the binding of endogenous GH. In general, dosage should be individualized according to response. Dosage reduction of hypoglycemic agents may be required, because the drug may increase glucose tolerance.

Front 30

The main clinical use of GH is for children whose growth is impaired by a deficiency of __________ hormone

Back 30

Endogenous

Front 31

Ocreotide has pharmacologic actions similar to those of somatostatin. For which of the following diagnoses and symptoms is octreotide prescribed?

a. Hyperlipidemia

b. Acromegaly

c. Hypertension

d. Diarrhea in AIDS

Back 31

b, d

Rationale: Octreotide (sandostatin) has pharmacologic actions similar to those of somatostain. Indication for use include acrogmegaly, in which the drug reduces blood levels of GH and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF -1); carcinoid tumors in which it inhibits diarrhea and flushing; and vasoactive intestinal peptid tumors, in which it relieves diarrhea (by decreasing GI secretions and motility). It is also used to treat diarrhea in AIDS and other conditions.

Front 32

_________ a synthetic formulation is commonly used to test for suspected adrenal insufficiency.

Back 32

Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn)

Front 33

When ADH is secreted it has which of the following effects on renal tubules?

a. It makes them less permeable to water.

b. It decreases potassium secretion.

c. It increases sodium secretion.

d. It makes them more permeable to water.

Back 33

d.

Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also called vasopressin, functions to regulate water balance. When ADH is released it makes the renal tubules more permeable to water.

Front 34

____________ secretion is controlled by a negative feed back mechanism in proportion to metabloic needs.

Back 34

Thyrotropin

Front 35

GH, also called somatotropin performs which of the following functions?(select all that apply)

a. Stimulating growth of body tissues

b . Regulating cell division and protein synthesis

c. Promoting an increased in cell size and number

d. Decreasing long bone growth in young adults.

Back 35

a, b, c

Rationale: GH, also called somatotropin, stimulates growth of body tissues. It regulates cell division and protein synthesis required for normal growth and promotes an increase in cell size and number, including growth of muscle cells and lengthening of bone.

Front 36

Mr. Saks is prescribed GH. He also takes a medication to control his diabetes type 2. Which of the following conditions does GH cause?

a. Hyperinsulinmia

b. Hypoinsulinemia.

c. Hypertension

d. Hyperglycemia

Back 36

a

Rationale: GH is often considered an insulin antagonist because it suppresses the abilities of insulin to stimulate uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues and enhance glucose synthesis in the liver. Paradoxically, administration of GH produces hyperinsulinemia by stimulating insulin secretion.

Front 37

Levels of GH rise rapidly during adolescence, peak in the _______________ and them start to decline.

Back 37

20's

Front 38

GH stimulates protein ____________ in many tissues.

Back 38

anabolism

Front 39

The _____________ of the brain and the pituitary gland interact to control most metabolic functions of the body and to maintain homeostasis.

Back 39

Hypothalamus

Front 40

The ___________ controls secretions of the pituitary gland.

Back 40

Hypothalamus

Front 41

The _________ regulates secretions or functions of other body tissues called target tissues.

Back 41

Pituitary gland

Front 42

True or false

The anterior pituitary is composed of different types of glandular cells that synthesize and secrete different hormones.

Back 42

True

Front 43

True or false?

The posterior pituitary does not manufacture any hormones its self but it stores and releases hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus.

Back 43

True

Front 44

__________ are chemical messengers with a specific regulatory effect on the cells that control various bodily functions.

Back 44

Hormones

Front 45

This hormone causes the release of corticotropin also called adrenocorticotropic homone (ACTH) in response to stress and threatening stimuli. It is secreted most often during sleep, and its secretion is influenced by several neurotransmitters.

Back 45

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

Front 46

___________ can be used in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease, characterized by excess cortisol.

Back 46

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

Front 47

_____ causes release of growth hormone (GH) in response to low blood levels of GH.

Back 47

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Front 48

___________ may be used to test pituitary function and stimulate growth in children with GHRH deficiency.

Back 48

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Front 49

__________ inhibits release of GH and is distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord where it functions as a neurotransmitter. It is also found in the intestines and the pancreas where it regulates secretion of insulin and glucagon.

Back 49

Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone. (Somatostatin)

Front 50

_________ causes release of TSH in response to stress such as exposure to cold. This hormone may be used in diagnostic tests of pituitary function and hyperthyroidism.

Back 50

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

Front 51

True or false?

A long acting somatostatin analog, (Sandostatin), may be used to treat acromegaly, carcinoid tumors, and vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors (VIPomas)

Back 51

True

Front 52

____________ causes release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteninizing hormone (LH).

Back 52

Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH

Front 53

____________ is active during lactation after childbirth.

Back 53

Prolactin releasing factor

Front 54

_____ is active at times other than during lactation.

Back 54

Prolactin inhibitory factor (PIF)

Front 55

Name the seven anterior pituitary hormones.

Back 55

Corticotropin
GH aka Somatotropin
Thyrotropin
FSH
LH
Prolactin
Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Front 56

Out of the seven hormones of the anterior pituitary what two act directly on their target tissues?

Back 56

GH and Prolactin

Front 57

______ stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteriods. Secreation is controlled by the hypothalamus and plasma levels of cortisol, the major corticosteroid.

Back 57

Corticotropin

Front 58

True or false?

GH is often considered an insulin antagonist because it suppresses the abilities of insulin to stimulate uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues and enhance glocose synthsis in the liver.

Back 58

True

Front 59

_________ also called somatotropin stimulates growth of body tissues. It regulates cell division and protein synthesis required for normal growth and promotes an increase in cell size and number, including growth of muscle cells and lengthening of bone.

Back 59

Growth hormone. GH

Front 60

A ___________ in GH in children leads to dwarfism.

Back 60

decrease

Front 61

A __________ GH in children leads to gigantism.

Back 61

increase or excess of

Front 62

In adults a ____ in GH can cause increased fat, reduced skeletal and heart muscle mass, reduced strength, reduced ability to exercise, and worsened cholesterol levels which can increase the risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Back 62

Deficiency or decrease

Front 63

_________ GH in adults produces acromegaly, a chronic disease characterized by an abnormal patteren of bone and connective tissue growth associated with an increase incidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Back 63

Excessive

Front 64

________ regulates secretion of thyroid hormones.

Back 64

Thyrotropin

Front 65

______ stimulates functions of sex glands is produced by the anterior pituitary gland of both sexes, beginning at puberty. Acts on the ovaries during the reproductive years stimulating growth of ovarian follicles. In men it acts to stimulate the production of growth of sperm but does not stimulate secretion of male sex hormones.

Back 65

FSH

Front 66

_____ in women stimulates the maturation and rupture of the ovarian follicle. After ovulation it acts on the cells collapsed follicular sac to produce the corpus lutem, which then produces progesterone. In men it stimulates Leydigs cells in the spaces between the seminferous tubules to secrete androgens aka testosterone.

Back 66

LH

Front 67

___________ plays a part in milk production by nursing mothers.

Back 67

Prolactin

Front 68

__________ plays a role in skin pigmentation and has recently been found to play important roles in feeding and energy metabolism as well as inflammation. Has been linked to cardiovascular regulation and sodium metabolism.

Back 68

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

Front 69

Name the posterior pituitary hormones.

Back 69

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin

Front 70

______ aka vasopressin functions to regulate water balance in the body.

Back 70

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Front 71

_________ functions in childbirth and lactation. It initiates uterine contractions at the end of gestation to induce child birth and it causes milk to move from the breast glands to nipples so the infant can obtain the mild by suckling.

Back 71

Oxytocin

Front 72

This Hypothalamic hormone drug is used for endometriosis metasitc breast cancer, and prostate cancer. It is administered subQ because it would be destroyed in the GI tract. Adverse effects are basically those of testosterone or estrogen deficiency. Drug can cause increased bone pain and increased difficulty in urinating during the first few weeks of treatment.

Back 72

Goserelin (Zoladex)

Front 73

This Hypothalamic hormone drug is used for Palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer (Vantas) CPR (Supprelin LA) in children. It is administered 1 implant subQ every 12 months because it would be destroyed in the GI tract. Adverse effects are basically those of testosterone or estrogen deficiency. Drug can cause increased bone pain and increased difficulty in urinating during the first few weeks of treatment.

Back 73

Histrelin (Vantas; Supprelin LA)

Front 74

This Hypothalamic hormone drug is used for Advance prostatic cancer CPP in children endometriosis uterine fibroid tumors. It is administered IM depot injection 3.75mg every month or 11.25mg every 3 months for 6 months.

Back 74

Leuprolide (Lupron)

Front 75

This Hypothalamic hormone drug is used for Advance prostatic cancer CPP in children endometriosis uterine fibroid tumors. It is administered IM depot injection 3.75mg every month or 11.25mg every 3 months for 6 months.

Back 75

Leuprolide (Lupron)

Front 76

This Hypothalamic hormone drug is used for endometriosis CPP in children. It is administered by 1 spray in one nostril in the morning and one spray in the other nostril in the evening starting between the 2nd and 4th days of the menstral cycle.

Back 76

Nafarelin (Synarel)

Front 77

This Hypothalamic hormone drug is used for Acromegaly, carcinoid tumors, vasocative intestinal peptide tumors, and diarrhea. Given Sub Q, and has similar actions to somatostatin. It is also used to treat diarrhea in AIDS patients.

Back 77

Octreotide (Sandostatin)

Front 78

This Hypothalamic hormone drug is used for Advanced prostatic cancer. It is administered IM . Adverse effects are basically those of testosterone or estrogen deficiency. Drug can cause increased bone pain and increased difficulty in urinating during the first few weeks of treatment.

Back 78

Triptorelin (Trelstar)

Front 79

This anti pituitary hormone drug is used to stimulate syntheses of hormones by the adrenal cortex, and diagnostic test of adrenal function and treatment for acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis. Administered for diagnostic use via IM, and sub Q. This drug is obtained from animal pituitary glands and has mostly been replaced by adrenal corticosteroids. It is used occasionally for diagnostic testing for addisons disease however, cosyntropin (Cortrosyn) is the drug of choice for testing of suspected adrenal insufficiency

Back 79

Corticotropin (Acthrel; HP Acthar Gel)

Front 80

______ is used as a diagnostic test in suspected adrenal insufficiency (Addisons disease)

Back 80

Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn)

Front 81

This Anterior pituitary hormone drug promotes growth in children whose growth is impaired by a deficiency of endogenous growth hormone.

Back 81

Growth Hormone aka: Somatrem, Somatropin (Genotropin, Hymatrope, Norditropin, Nutropin, serostim)

Front 82

_________ is used to treat short stature in children that is associated with chronic renal failure or Turners syndrome (a genetic disorder that occurs in girls.) In adults the drug may be used to treat deficiency states caused by disease, surgery, and radiation of the pituitary gland or those with wasting disease associated with AIDS.

Back 82

Growth Hormone

Front 83

This anterior pituitary hormone drug is used for cryptorchidism (undescended testicle) and induce ovulation in the treatment of infertility. Mimics the effects of LH.

Back 83

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG aka Chorex)

Front 84

This anterior pituitary hormone drug is used to induce ovulation and is used in combination with menotrpins to induce ovulation in the treatment of infertility. Excessive doses or prolonged administration can lead to sexual precocity, edema, and breast enlargement caused by over secretion of testosterone and estrogen.

Back 84

Choriogonadotropin alpha (Ovidrel)

Front 85

_____________ a gonadotropin preparation obtained form the urine of postmenopasal women, contains both FSH, and LH. It is usually combined with HCG to induce ovulation in the treatment of infertility caused by lack of pituitary gonadotropins.

Back 85

Menotrpins (Pergonal)

Front 86

_________ is a GH receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acromegaly in adults who are unable to tolerate or are resistant to other managment strategies. THe drug selectively binds to GH receptors, blocking the binding of endogenous GH. ****Dosage should be individualized according to response.**** Dosage reduction of hypoglycemic agents my be required because the drug may increase glucose tolerance.**** Increased dosages of this drug may be necessary when administering with narcotics.**** Must use caution in elderly and in people with renal or hepatic disease.***

Back 86

Pegvisomant (Somavert)

Front 87

________________ is a synthetic formulation of TSH used as a diagnostic adjunct for serum thyroglobin (Tg) testing in individuals with well differentiated thyroid cancer. Testing can be preformed with or without radio-iodine imaging. Tg testing radioactive imaging is the standard test for evaluating the presence, extent and location of thyroid cancer. This drug must be used cautiously in patients with coronary artery disease and with a large amount of residual thyroid tissue as the drug produces temporary rise of thyroid hormone concentration in the blood.

Back 87

Thyrotropin alfa (Thyrogen)

Front 88

___________, ___________, __________ are drugs used to stimulate ovarian function in the treatment of infertility and are used with HCG. A new liquid formulation is available in a pre filled and ready to use multidose FSH injection.

Back 88

Urofollitropin (Bravelle), Follitropin alfa (Gonal - F), and Follitropin beta( Follistim)

Front 89

This posterior pituitary hormone is the synthetic equivalents of ADH. A major clincial use is the treatment of neurogenic diabetes insipidus, a disorder characterized by a deficiency of ADH and the excretion of large amounts of dilute urine.

Back 89

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Front 90

True or false

Parenteral desmopresin is also used as a hemostatic in patients with hemophilia A or mild to moderate von Willebrand's disease (type 1)

Back 90

True

Front 91

_____________ is effective when given to control spontaneous or trama induced bleeding and intraoperative and postoperative bleeding when given 30mins before the procedure.

Back 91

Desmopressin

Front 92

_______ is used in the treatment of bleeding esophagel varices because of its vasoconstrictive effects.

Back 92

Vaqsopressin

Front 93

___________ may be inhaled intranasally; where vasopressin must be injected.

Back 93

Desmopressin

Front 94

__________ is a synthetic drug that exerts the same physiologic effects as the posterior pituitary hormone. It promotes uterine contractility and is used clinically to induce labor and in the postpartium period to control bleeding.

Back 94

Oxytocin (Pitocin)