Pathology Lec 8 - Neoplasia 1

Front 1

________ is considered to be caused by genetic alterations leading to abnormalities in growing cell. Ultimately it is modification or loss of specific ________ which lead to them.

Back 1

- neoplasm

- proteins

Front 2

how is pleomorphic adenoma a mass lesion with clinical signs?

Back 2

- tumor of parotid gland so you end up with asymmetry due to CN VII palsy

Front 3

what does a malignant neoplasm mean? benign?

Back 3

- that it has metastatic potential

- benign means there is no potential to metastasize

Front 4

does local recurrence mean metastasis?

Back 4

- no

- it does not necessarily mean it is malignant

Front 5

what is the most important factor for determining the prognosis of a tumor?

Back 5

- the histologic diagnosis which is made by a surgical pathologist

Front 6

uterine leiomyoma: what is it? does it metastasize?

Back 6

- benign fibroid

- causes symptoms, can be large, can be multiple

- does NOT metastasize

Front 7

malignant melanoma is an example of a primary skin tumor that can _____ widely

Back 7

- metastasize

Front 8

_____ usually indicates malignant epithelial tumor

Back 8

- carcinoma

Front 9

what is the differentiation in naming between benign and malignant?

Back 9

- benign usually ends in "oma"

- malignant usually ends in sarcoma or carcinoma

Front 10

what is a benign tumor of squamous epithelium? malignant?

Back 10

- papilloma

- squamous cell carcinoma

Front 11

what is a benign tumor of glandular epithelium? malignant?

Back 11

- adenoma (polyps)

- adenocarcinoma (ulcerated pattern)

Front 12

what is a benign tumor of adipose tissue? malignant?

Back 12

- lipoma

- liposarcoma

Front 13

what is a benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue? malignant?

Back 13

- leiomyoma

- leiomyosarcoma

Front 14

what is a benign tumor of skeletal muscle tissue? malignant?

Back 14

- rhabdomyoma

- rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 15

what is a benign tumor of vessels? malignant?

Back 15

- angioma

- angiosarcoma

Front 16

what is a benign tumor of bone tissue? malignant?

Back 16

- osteoma

- osteosarcoma

Front 17

what is a benign tumor of mixed epithelial/mesenchymal tissue? malignant?

Back 17

- pelomorphic adenoma

- carcinosarcoma

Front 18

lymphoma: what is it? what are two types? is it malignant?

Back 18

- lymphoma is malignant by definition, cancer of hematopoeitic, arises in tissue (lymph nodes?)

- hodgkin's & non-hodgkins

- pre-malignant lymphoid = "lymphoproliferative disorder"

Front 19

leukemia: what is it? what are two types? is it malignant?

Back 19

- malignant by definition - arises in bone marrow, blood

- acute & chronic

- pre-malignant entities = myelodysplastic syndrome
-

Front 20

lymphoproliferative disorder & myelodysplastic syndrome

Back 20

- lymphoproliferative disorder: precursor to lymphoma

- myelodysplastic syndrome: precursor to leukemia

Front 21

teratoma

Back 21

- neoplasm composed of cell types derived from more than one germ layer

- can be benign or malignant

Front 22

hamartoma

Back 22

- benign, often neoplastic proliferation of normal but disorganized tissues indigenous to particular site or origin

Front 23

heterotopia

Back 23

- ectopic rest of normal tissue

- most likely NOT neoplastic

Front 24

what are some factors related to increased incidence of certain cancers?

Back 24

- increased life span

- more sensitive & accurate tests

- true increase in some types of cancers

- variations in susceptibility

Front 25

what does the graph for hereditary vs non-hereditary tumors look like?

Back 25

- hereditary is more linear

- less linear more of lag for non-hereditary b/c these are uncommon before the middle age

Front 26

what are some features of hereditary neoplasms?

Back 26

- earlier age at diagnosis
- multiple tumors
- bilateral
- syndromes with mendelian inheritance

Front 27

development of cancer at a younger age implies a stronger association with what?

Back 27

- inherited susceptibility