Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Aldehyde --> Carboxylic Acid
|
R-CHO + [O] --> R-COOH
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4 Reflux |
|
|
Aldehyde --> Primary Alcohol
|
R-CHO + 2[H] --> R-CH2(OH)
NaBH4 |
|
|
Ketone --> Secondary Alcohol
|
R-CO-R' +2[H] --> R-CH(OH)-R'
NaBH4 |
|
|
Carboxylic Acid --> Ester
|
R-COOH + R'-OH --> R-COO-R' + H2O
Dilute. H2SO4 Heat |
|
|
Carboxylic Acid + Group 1 Metal (Sodium)
|
R-COOH + Na --> R-COO-Na+ + 1/2H2
|
|
|
Carboxylic Acid + Group 1 Metal Hydroxide (Sodium Hydroxide)
|
R-COOH + NaOH --> R-COO-Na+ + H2O
|
|
|
Carboxylic Acid + Group 1 Metal Carbonate (Sodium Carbonate)
|
2R-COOH + Na2CO3 --> 2R-COO-Na+ + H2O + CO2
|
|
|
Carboxylic Acid + Group 2 Metal (Magnesium)
|
2R-COOH + Mg --> (R-COO-)2Mg2+ + H2
|
|
|
Carboxylic Acid + Group 2 Metal Hydroxide (Magnesium)
|
2R-COOH + Mg(OH)2 --> (R-COO-)2Mg2+ + 2H2O
|
|
|
Carboxylic Acid + Group 2 Metal Carbonate
|
2R-COOH + MgCO3 --> (R-COO-)2Mg2+ + H2O + CO2
|
|
|
Acid Hydrolysis of Esters
|
R-COO-R' --> R-COOH + R'-OH
HCl Room temperature, reflux |
|
|
Alkaline Hydrolysis of Esters
|
R-COO-R' --> R-COO-Na+
NaOH Room temperature, reflux |
|
|
Benzene --> Nitrobenzene
|
C6H6 + HNO3 --> C6H5NO2 + H2O
conc. H2SO4 50-55 deg.cel. |
|
|
Nitrobenzene --> Phenylamine
|
C6H5NO2 + 6[H] --> C6H5NH2 + 2H2O
Sn/ conc. HCl Room temperature, reflux |
|
|
Formation of Nitrous Acid
|
NaNO2 + HCl --> HNO2 + NaCl
|
|
|
Formation of diazonium compound after nitrous acid has been made in situ
|
C6H5NH2 + HNO2 + ex.HCl --> C6H5N+≡N Cl- + 2H2O
Less than 10 deg.cel. |
|
|
Coupling reaction with phenol
|
C6H5N+≡N Cl- + C6H5OH --> C6H5-N=N-C6H4OH + HCl
Alkaline solution |
|
|
Benzene --> Bromobenzene
|
C6H6 + Br2 --> C6H5Br + HBr
AlBr3 / FeBr3 |
|
|
Phenol --> 2,4,6-tribromophenol
|
C6H5OH + 3Br2 --> C6H2(Br)3OH + 3HBr
Room Temperature |
|
|
Phenol --> Sodium Phenoxide
|
C6H5OH + NaOH --> C6H5O-Na+ + H2O
|
|
|
Phenol --> Magnesium Phenoxide
|
2C6H5OH + Mg --> (C6H5O-)2Mg2+ + H2
|
|
|
Halogenoalkane -> aliphatic amine
|
R-X + NH3 --> R-NH2 + HX
Ethanol as solvent Warm gently |
