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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is organic chemistry
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study of substances containing carbon that have the ability to make new substances with predictable structures and properties
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describe carbon
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4 stable, isolable bonds
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what might connect to carbon?
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nitrogen oxygen and halogens F Cl Br and I
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what are heteroatoms
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more than just carbon and hydrogen
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what is the reactive portion of a carbon skeleton molecule?
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funcitonal groups
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COOH
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oic acid or carboxylic acid
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SO3H
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-sulfonic acid
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-coo-
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ester ends in -oate or -carboxylate
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-COCl-
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acid chloride ends in -oyl chloride
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CONH2
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amid ends in -amide or -carboxamide
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-CN
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nitril ends in nitrile or -carbonitrile
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-CHO
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aldehyde ends in -al or -carbaldehyde
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-CO-
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ketone ends in -one
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-OH
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alcohol or phenol ends in -ol
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-SH
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thiol ends in -thiol
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NH2
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amine ends in -amine
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-O-
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ether ends in ether
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CH3
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methyl
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CH2
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methylene
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CH
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methine
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what are the words for 11-20 for -anes and such
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undecance
dodecane tri tetra penta hexa hepta octa nona eicosane |
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alicyclic
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single bonds where aromatic has single and double bonds
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when do you use the carba full suffix name?
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for cyclic compounds
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what is an arene?
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aromatic
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toluene
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benzene plus cH3
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anililine
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benzene plus NH2
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phenol
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benzene plus OH
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anisole
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benzene plus OCH3
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-R prefix
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alkyl-
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-OR prefix
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alkoxy-
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COCH3 prefix
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actyl-
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-NH2 prefix
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amino-
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-Br prefix
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bromo
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COOH prefix
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carboxy-
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C=-N prefix
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cyano-
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COH prefix
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formyl
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-OH prefix
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hydroxy-
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-NO2 prefix
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nitro
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-SH prefix
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mercapto-
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=O prefix
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oxo-
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-O-benzene prefix
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phenoxy-
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isomer
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whenever a molecular formula can be represetned by different arrangements of the constituent atoms
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CH3CH2-o-
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ethoxy
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CH3-O-
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methoxy
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(CH3)2CH-
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isopropoxy
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alkenyl carbon atom
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double bond
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who named organic chem
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berzelius 1807 for the study of compounds derived from biological sources
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who sythesized urea
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wohler
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valency
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atoms in organic compounds form a fixed number of bonds
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why can carbons make some many combos
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strong covalent bonds to other carbons and also to other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
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skeletal isomer
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depends solely on arrangement
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positional
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depends on where functional group is without changing function
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funcitonal
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placement of group changes properties and principal functional group name
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what is the formula for a saturated carbon compound
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CnH2n+2
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What is DU
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max-actual/2
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what does O do in the DU system
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ignored no points
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what is nitrogen in the DU system
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formula is 2X+3 counts as extra 1 point for each nitrogen
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what are halogens counted in DU system
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1 point for each
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what is 20 carbons?
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eicosane
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