Oral Path

Front 1

INJURIES TO TEETH- ATTRITION

Back 1

physiologic wearing away of tooth structure due to tooth to tooth contact. Contributing factors are Bruxism, a coarse fibrous diet, breathing abrasive dust. Location includes the incisal, occlusal, proximal. primary or permanent. Appearance- first sign- wearing of mamelons- later signs- flattened tooth surfaces. Wear facets.

Front 2

INJURIES TO TEETH- abrasion

Back 2

pathologic weariung away of tooth structure due to repetitive, mechanical forces, contributing factors- toothbrushing, habits, excessive dental instrumentation. location- cervical 1/3, habit- interprox incisal/occlusal- excessive instrumentation. loss of tooth structure at site of wear. defects appear hard and smooth with shiny surfaces and clearly defined margins.

Front 3

INJURIES TO TEETH- abfraction

Back 3

loss of tooth structure at the cervix of the tooth due to biomechanical forces. CF- occlusal forces, aging. APP- wedge or v shaped notch. often concurrent w abrasion and attrition

Front 4

INJURIES TO TEETH- erosion

Back 4

CF- low ph beverages, chlorine, atmospheric acids, chronic vomit/ acid reflux. location- vomiting- linguals. other causes- facials. app- smooth, shallow, hard, shiny

Front 5

BURNS TO ORAL TISSUES-CHEMICAL BURNS

Back 5

CAUSE- ASPIRIN ON TOOTH, PHENOL (CAVITY STERILANT; CAUTERIZING AGENT) CLINICAL FEATURES- TISSUE BECOMES NECROTIC, WHITE, PAINFUL- ASPIRIN, FOR PHENOL- WHITENING OF EXPOSED AREA; ULCERS MAY OCCUR. TREATMENT- SPONTANEOUS HEALING

Front 6

BURNS TO ORAL TISSUE- ELECTRIC BURNS

Back 6

live cord or object inserted into wall socket- damaged tissues, disfigurement, scarring- multidisciplinary- plastic surgery, oral surgery, ortho

Front 7

burns to oral tissues- thermal burns-

Back 7

hot food/ beverage- common locations- palate and tongue

Front 8

burns to oral tissues- cocaine burns

Back 8

smoking crack cocaine is cause- clinical features- midline of palate- ulcers, keratoxic lesions, exophytic reactive lesions, tongue/ epiglottis- necrotic ulcers

Front 9

traumatic injuries to oral mucosa- hematoma

Back 9

accumulation of blood in the soft tissues due to trauma to a blood vessel- cf- red to purple to bluish gray, size varies, buccal or labial mucosa

Front 10

traumatic ulcer- traumatic injuries to oral mucosa

Back 10

ulcer that results from trauma such as cheek, lip, tongure bite, denture/partial irritation, sharp edges of food, removing dry cotton roll, overzealous brushing, broken tooth, restoration- cf- painful mucosal ulceration- treatment- eliminate causative factors- healing occurs within 7-14 days unless trauma persits, biopsy indicated if lesion doesnt deal

Front 11

traumatic injuries to oral mucosa=

Back 11

frictionall keratosis- chronic rubbing or friction against the mucosa, resulting in thickening of the keratin surface layer of the epithelium. cf. opaque, white. treatment. eliminate cause and observe for resolution. if unsure of cause, biopsy required.

Front 12

traumatic injuries to oral mucosa- traumatic neuroma (nerve tumor)

Back 12

injury to a peripheral nerve that results in abnormal healing; the end of the damaged nerve proliferates into a mass of nerve/ scar tissue. cf. near mental foramen. small submucasal nodule, firm, painful- treatment, biopsy for definitive diagnosis, surgical excision

Front 13

effects of tobacco use on oral mucosa- nicotine stomatitis

Back 13

benign lesion on the hard palate associated with smoking. due to heat, no chemicals, cf, initial lesion- erythomatus, over time- hyperkeratosis, following hyperkeratosis, dots at salivary gland opening.. cobblestone. treatment- smoking cessation, biopsy if tissue does not return to normal within a few weeks of cessation

Front 14

effects of tobacco use on oral mucosa- tobacco pouch keratosis

Back 14

white lesion in the area where tobacco is habitually placed- common location- mucobuccal fold- white, wrinkled, corrugated. teatment- tobacco cessation- biopsy if tissue doesnt return to noraml within a few weeks of cessation

Front 15

effects of tobacco use on oral mucosa- smoker's melanosis-

Back 15

melanin pigmentation associated with smoking- common location-ant labial gingiva, intensity related to amount/ duration of smoking- treatment is tobacco cessation, fades after quitting (may take months or years)

Front 16

inspect the oral mucosa for other tobacco induced lesion

Back 16

in addition, the patient should be educated regarding the risks from tobacco u se

Front 17

injuries to salivary glands- mucocele

Back 17

lesion that is formed when a minor salivary gland duct is severed and saliva spills into the surrounding CT- predilection, children. adolescents, common location is lower lip, soft, fluctuant, superficial is bluiosh, deep- clear, if deep, may need surgical excision

Front 18

injuries to salivary glands- ranula

Back 18

larger mucocele- like lesion in the FOM associated with sublingual and submandibular major salivary glands. can be caused by severing or blockage of the duct, size-large, shape, dome shaped swelling, location, FOM, color- translucent, bluish, unilaterl, surgical correction

Front 19

injuries to salivary glands- necrotizing sialometaplasia

Back 19

benign condition of the salivary glands due to decreased blood flow, common location- junction of soft/hard palate, necrosis of salivary glands, painful swelling that ulcerate. usually heals spontaneously within few weeks.

Front 20

injuries to salivary glands- sialolith

Back 20

salivary gland stone, may be located in major or minor glands or ducts, hard nodule within soft tissues, may obstruct salivary flow, painfull swelling when eating, RO, surgical removal of stone

Front 21

msc injuries to oral mucosa- amalgam tattoo

Back 21

staining of soft tissue due to entrapment of amalgam particles- gingiva, edentulous ridge, may enlarge over time, treatment- use of RG, clinical and historical finding to verify diagnosis, biopwsy if unsure, to rule out more serious pigmented lesion

Front 22

msc injuries to oral mucosa- solar cheilities, also called actinic cheilitis

Back 22

degeneration of the tissues of the lip due to excessive sun exposure- vermillion, adults- fair ksinned, pale pink, mottled appearance, indistinct junction between lips and face, fissures at right angles to ksin- vermillion junction, dry and cracked- treat- avoid sun use sunblock, STRONG RELATIONSHIP with basal cell carcinoma of the skin and squamos cell carcinoma of the lips, biopsy if scaling and ulcerations continue

Front 23

msc injuries to oral mucosa- meth mouth

Back 23

smoking snorting or ingestins methamphetamines, ingredients are corrosive and easy to obtain, dec. salivary flow. inc consumption of sugary beverages. lack of oral health, excessive and rapid destruction of teeth, treatment of dental needs

Front 24

reactive connectice tissues lesions (a hyperplastic lesion that reults from an overzealous response to an irritant) progenic granuloma

Back 24

reactive lesion consisting of a mass of inflmaed tissues- macrophage, often with giant cells, lymphocytes, in response to an irritant such as calculus, broken tooth, braces. in response to changing hormone levels such as, puberty, pregnancy, menopause, bleed easily, soft, painless to patient, sessile or pedunculated, elevated, develops rapidly, remains static- treatment- removal of irritant, surgical excision and biopsy if it doesnt resolve once irritant is removed.

Front 25

giant cell granuloma- reactive lesion

Back 25

consisting of multinucleated giant cells and granulation tissue- two types- peripheral- pgcg, central- cgcg, respsonse to injury, thought to originate from pdl or alveolar bone periosteum, peripheral gcg, gingiva only, pogenic granuloma, may damage alveolar bone, central gcg, location- within b one of maxilla, mandible, painless, slow growth, destructive, RO app, unilocular or multilocular. biopsy or surgical excision

Front 26

reactive ct lesion- peripheral ossifying fibroma

Back 26

ractive lesion consisting of bone/ cementum. unknown thought to originate from the pdl, gingiva, firm mass, pink or red, slow growth painless displacement of adjacent teeth, biopsy

Front 27

reactive ct lesion- irritation fibroma

Back 27

one of the most common benign lesions of the oral cavity, also called traumatic fibroma, chronic irritation, location- buccal, mucosa, lip, gingiva, tongues, palate. starts as papule, slowly enlarges to a nodule, sessile base, surgical excisison, biopsy

Front 28

reactive ct lesion- epulis fissuratum-

Back 28

denture induced fibrous hyperplasia, over extend denture- flange- vestibule- alongated mass of excessive tissue, often ulcerated, construct new denture, surgical remove excess tissue

Front 29

reactive ct lesion- papillary hyperplasia of the palate- palatal papillomatosis

Back 29

ill-fitting max prosthesis worn continuously- palate- multiple erythematous papules, treatment is to construct new appliance

Front 30

reactive ct lesion- gingival enlargement- inc. in the size of the tissue

Back 30

hereditary types (rare), most result from over reaction to local irritants, specific triggers, dilantin, calcium channel blockers, cyclospore and hormone changes, cqan be localized or generalized, pink to red, soft to firm, large/round papillae, gingivoplasty/gingivectomy, meticulous oral hygiene, changing drug therapy, biopsy if inflamed/bleeds

Front 31

reactive ct lesion- chronic hyperplastic pulpitis

Back 31

excessive proliferation of chronically inflamed dental pulp, teeth with large open lesions, pred- children/ young adults, appearnace is pink to red, soft, protrudes from pulp chamber, extracton and endo is treatment

Front 32

inflammatory periapical lesions- pulpitits

Back 32

inflammation of dental pulp, 2 types, reversible, irreversible, cause is deep caries or trauma, reversible- inflamm resolves, pain in respone to cold goes away quickly, irreversible, inflamm doesnt resolve, pain in response to heat, pain lingers

Front 33

inflammatory periapical lesions- pariapical abscess

Back 33

area of necrosis and perulent exudate at apex of root, pulpal inflammation, RO app, early- no changes, later- slight widening of pdl, over time- RL at apex, treatment is to drain, endo, extraction, antibiotic therapy

Front 34

fistula

Back 34

drainage tube that allows natural drainage of exudate to the surface of the mucosa and skin (sinus tract)

Front 35

parulis "gum boil"

Back 35

represents the point of exudate exiting through oral mucosa

Front 36

cellulitits

Back 36

spread of infection to the facial spaces

Front 37

ludwigs angina

Back 37

severe and spreading infection that involves the submandibular sublingual and submental spaces bilaterllay- most severe form of cellulitits

Front 38

periapical granuloma

Back 38

localized mass of chronic granulation tissues that forms at the apex of a nonvital tooth, pulpal inflammatin is cause, asymptomatic, slightly exudated, RL at apex, endo tharapy, extraction and curretage at extraction site, apicoectomy- removal of apex

Front 39

periapical cyst, also called radicular cyst-

Back 39

pathologic cavity lined by epithelium, occurs at the apex of nonvital tooth, most common cyst in the oral cavity **********, develops from granuloma, chronic inflamm in periapical granuloma stimulates rests of malassez to form an epi sac around the granuloma, as epi wall forms, calls in center of granuloma degenerate, leaving a liquid filled cavity lined with epi, asymptomatic, RL, often corticated, LATERAL radicular cyst, from lateral canal, RESIDUAL cyst, at extraction site, endo therapy, extracion and curettage at extraction site, apicoectomy

Front 40

condensing osteitis- focal sclerosing osteomyelitits

Back 40

dense bone deposited at apex of non vital tooth, low grade chronic infection ass, w large restoration, large caries lesion, idiopathic osteosclerosis- unknown cause, asmptomatic, RO mass near root, endo, biopsy

Front 41

lveolar osteitis- dry socket

Back 41

postoperative complication of tooth extraction, clot breaks down and is lost before healing is compelte, pain odor, bad taste, e xposed bony socket, pain relief meds, gentle irrigation

Front 42

external resorption

Back 42

resorption of tooth from outside, exfoliation of primary teeth, pressure is impacted teeth, cysts, tumors, reimplantation, aculsed tooth, idiopathic, unknown cause, location- root, RO app, blunting of root, loss of structure, identify and remove cause

Front 43

internal resorption

Back 43

resorption of tooth from the inside outward, chronic pulpal inflammatino is cause,pink totoh of mummery, RL in pulp, endo treatment, extraction if perforated