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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do animals need to respond to the environment? |
Respond to change in temperature. Seek a mate. Find food. Respond to demands of offspring. |
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What does the central nervous system consist of? |
Brain and spinal cord. Grey matter (unmyelinated) and White matter (myelinated). |
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What is the structure and functin of the Somatic nervous system? |
Myleinated neurones. Connections to effectors consist of one neurone. Controls most involuntary activity. |
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What is the function of the autonomic nervous system? |
Contols activity of smooth muscle. Beating rate of cardiac muscle. Activity of exocrine glands. Most activity under voluntary control. |
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Describe the structure of the autonomic nervous system. |
Neurones are unmyelinated. Consists of at least two neurones connected at a ganglion. Cell bodies are outside in autonomic ganglia. |
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Descibe the structure and function of the parasympathetic nervous system. |
"rest and digest" Secrete acetylcholine at synapse. The neurones are linked at a ganglion with the target tissue. Preganglionic neurones vary in size. Effects- decreased heart rate, pupil constriction, decreased ventilation rate. |
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Descibe the structure and function of the sympathetic nervous system. |
"fight or flight" Secrete noradrenaline at synapse. Neurones are linked at a ganglion outside the spinal cord. Preganglionic neurones are very short. Effects- increased heart rate, pupil dilation, increased ventilation rate. |
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What is the function of the Cerebrum? |
Concious thought. The ability to override some reflexes. Features associated with intelligence, such as reasoning and judgement. |
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What is the function of the Cerebellum? |
Coordinates muscle contraction, posture and coordination of balance. |
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What is the function of the Cerebral cortex? |
Sensory areas indirectly recieve impulses from receptors. Association areas compare input with previous experiences in order to interpret and judge a response. Motor areas send impulses to effectors. |
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What is the function of the Medulla Oblongata? |
Contains non-skeletal muscles so it is effectively in control of the autonomic nervous system. It contains the cardiac and respiratory centre. |
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What is the function of the Hypothalamus? |
Controls most homeostatic mechanisms. Sensory input is received leading to the initiation of autonomic responses that regulate body temperature and blood water potential. It regulates the pituitary gland. |
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Decribe the movement of the elbow joint. |
Bicep Tricep Tendons- attach skeletal muscle to bone Cartilage- Reduces friction as bone to moves Ligaments- join bone to bone Synovial fluid- lubricates joint |
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Describe the structure of thin filament. |
Two strands of F actin consisting of G actin subunits. Tropomyosin molecules coil around the F actin. A troponin complex is attached to each tropomyosin- it consists of 3 polypeptides to bind to actin, tropomyosin and Calcium ions. |
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Describe the structure of thick filament. |
Bundles of myosin each consisting of a tail and teo producing heads which stick out from opposite ends. Myosin filaments have rigid globular heads which have an ATP binding site. |
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