Oceans Test

Front 1

What are the 4 principal ocean basins and the one ocean on earth?

Back 1

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic are 4 principal. Southern is the one ocean.

Front 2

What is the largest ocean basin, which covers more than half of the ocean surface?

Back 2

Pacific

Front 3

What is the average depth of the worlds ocean?

Back 3

12,080 feet

Front 4

The first humans from Western Hemisphere known to have developed the art of navigation were the

Back 4

Phoenicians

Front 5

What is true concerning the deepest part of the ocean?

Back 5

The depth of this trench exceeds the height of Mount Everest.

Front 6

The method of determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by measuring the angle between an observers line of site to the North Star and line of site to the northern horizon was developed by:

Back 6

Pytheas

Front 7

The first person we are aware of that determined the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry and the angle of sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt was:

Back 7

Eratosthenes

Front 8

Most of the explorations by northern and western Europeans during the Middle (Dark) Ages were undertaken by:

Back 8

Vikings of Scandinavia

Front 9

The European "Age of Discovery" began with:

Back 9

Christopher Columbus discovery of the new world

Front 10

The European "Age of Discovery" ended with:

Back 10

Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe

Front 11

A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a:

Back 11

Hypothesis

Front 12

Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification are examples of:

Back 12

Theories

Front 13

The sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust and gas called a:

Back 13

Nebula

Front 14

The nebular hypothesis suggests that:

Back 14

all bodies in the solar system formed an enormous gas cloud

Front 15

The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the:

Back 15

differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth

Front 16

Oceanic crust is primarily:

Back 16

Basalt

Front 17

Which of the following regarding continental and oceanic crust is true?

Back 17

Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust

Front 18

Earth's primordial atmosphere most likely included:

Back 18

Carbon dioxide, water vapour, sulphur dioxide, and methane

Front 19

Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earth's oceans was due to:

Back 19

Water vapour released from volcanic outgassing

Front 20

The mechanisms by which populations evolve and new species develop is called:

Back 20

Natural Selection

Front 21

One of the reason that free oxygen in our atmosphere is important to the development and maintenance of life on Earth is because oxygen:

Back 21

can form ozone and block some UV radiation

Front 22

Radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the:

Back 22

ages of rocks

Front 23

Earth is about:

Back 23

4.6 billion years old

Front 24

The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ____________ oceanography

Back 24

Geological

Front 25

What is the study of the transmission of light and sound in the oceans is an example of ________________ oceanography

Back 25

physical

Front 26

Our world oceans can be divided into 4 principal oceans an additional ocean based on the _____________ of the ocean basins and the ______________ of the continents

Back 26

shape and position

Front 27

Which of the following statements about the Pacific Ocean is true?

Back 27

All of the continents could fit into the space of the pacific ocean

Front 28

Which ocean covers more than half of the ocean surface area on Earth?

Back 28

Pacific

Front 29

Which ocean is the single largest geographical feature on the planet?

Back 29

Pacific

Front 30

Which ocean is the deepest in the world?

Back 30

Pacific

Front 31

Which ocean's name comes form a word meaning peace?

Back 31

Pacific

Front 32

Which ocean is similar in size and average depth to the indian ocean?

Back 32

Atlantic

Front 33

Which ocean is mostly, but not entirely in the southern hemisphere?

Back 33

Indian

Front 34

Which ocean is the shallowest in the world?

Back 34

Arctic

Front 35

Based on definition, which ocean is more appropriate to consider is a sea?

Back 35

Arctic

Front 36

Which ocean is actually part of 3 other oceans?

Back 36

Southern ocean

Front 37

Which of the following modern seven seas was also recognized by pre 15th century Europeans as one of their seven seas?

Back 37

Indian

Front 38

Which ocean was considered by 14th century Europeans to be one of the seven seas?

Back 38

Indian

Front 39

Which of the following parts of Polynesia was populated last?

Back 39

Easter Island

Front 40

Which of the following parts of Polynesia was populated first?

Back 40

Fiji, Tonja, and Samoa

Front 41

The first recorded circumnavigation of Africa was made by the:

Back 41

Phoenician

Front 42

Who is credited with being the first person to accurately determine Earth's circumference?

Back 42

Eratosthenes

Front 43

Arachelogical evidence suggests that boat technology was developed about _____ years ago

Back 43

5,000

Front 44

Which of the following Vikings is credited with discovering Greenland?

Back 44

Erik Thorvaldson

Front 45

Who was the first viking to see Newfoundland?

Back 45

Leif Eriksson

Front 46

Who sailed from Europe around the tip of Africa to India and established a new trade route?

Back 46

Vasco da Gama

Front 47

Who is credited with being the first European to see the Pacific Ocean?

Back 47

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Front 48

Who was killed in Hawaii during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people?

Back 48

James Cook

Front 49

Who was killed in the Philippines during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people?

Back 49

Ferdinand Magellan

Front 50

Who left Spain in September 1519 and became the first person to complete a circumnavigation of the globe when he returned to Spain 3 years later?

Back 50

Ferdinand Magellan

Front 51

Prior to 1768, which of the following claimed the most human lives at sea?

Back 51

Scurvy

Front 52

Evidence suggest that the sun and the solar system was formed about 5 _______ years ago

Back 52

billion

Front 53

Which of the following was true about the Protoearth?

Back 53

Porto Earth's deep structure was homogeneous

Front 54

How did the moon form?

Back 54

The moon formed due to the impact of a Mars-sized body with the Earth

Front 55

What happened to the nebular gas that remained from the formation of the planets and their satellites?

Back 55

it was blown away by the solar wind

Front 56

Earth is a layered sphere with the ________-density material found near the center of Earth andthe ________- density material located near the surface.

Back 56

highest and lowest

Front 57

Based on chemical composition, Earth consists of ________ layers

Back 57

3

Front 58

Based on physical properties, Earth consists of ________ layers

Back 58

5

Front 59

Oceanic crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rock called:

Back 59

Basalt

Front 60

Continental crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rock called:

Back 60

Granite

Front 61

Isostatic adjustments are the result of the buoyancy of Earth's lithosphere as it floats on the __________ below which is denser and plastic like

Back 61

asthenosphere

Front 62

Earth's initial atmosphere was formed from:

Back 62

leftover gasses from the nebula

Front 63

Where did Earth's water come from?

Back 63

comet vaporization

Front 64

Earths second atmosphere is formed from:

Back 64

outgassing

Front 65

A cometary model of the formation of the Earth's ocean must include the chemical difference between the ___________ in comet ice and that in Earth's water

Back 65

hydrogen

Front 66

Although Earth's oceans have existed since early in the formation of the planet, its __________ must have changed

Back 66

Chemical composition

Front 67

According to the fossil record on Earth, the earliest known life forms were primitive _______________

Back 67

bacteria

Front 68

According to the fossil record on Earth, the earliest known life forms lived in sea floor rocks about 3.5 _______ years ago.

Back 68

billion

Front 69

The most likely place for the building blocks for the development of life to interact and produce life is in Earth's

Back 69

Oceans

Front 70

Stanley Miller's 1952 experiment created _____________ from the chemical ingredients thought to exist in Earth's early ocean

Back 70

simple organic compounds

Front 71

The very earliest forms of life probably

Back 71

manufactured their own food supply by photosynthesis

Front 72

The oldest fossilized remains of organisms are primitive _______ bacteria recovered from rocks formed on the sea floor about 3.5 billon years ago

Back 72

photosynthetic

Front 73

Earths oxygen became oxygen rich about 2.45 _________ years ago

Back 73

billion

Front 74

The great oxidization event resulted in the massive die-off of which of the following?

Back 74

anaerobic bacteria

Front 75

Trilobites were dominant during which geologic period?

Back 75

Cambrian

Front 76

The first person to advance the idea of mobile continents or continental drift was________________

Back 76

Alfred Wegener

Front 77

Which of the following was not used for evidence for continental drift?

Back 77

Paleomagnetic reversals

Front 78

Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the

Back 78

plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current locations

Front 79

All continents fit together with the least number of overlaps and gaps when the continents are matched along:

Back 79

edges at around 2000 metres depth

Front 80

Climate distribution on Earth is primarily controlled by:

Back 80

latitude

Front 81

Wegener used which of the following to provide evidence for continental drift?

Back 81

Shape of continental margins

Front 82

The book the history of ocean basins which contained the idea of seafloor spreading, was written by geologist:

Back 82

Harry Hess

Front 83

Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being producedat ocean ridges by examining ________.

Back 83

the magnetic patterns of rocks on the seafloor

Front 84

The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as:

Back 84

parallel to and symmetric about ocean ridges

Front 85

Which of the following is true about the lithosphere?

Back 85

The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the upper most portion of the mantle

Front 86

Tectonic plates are pieces of the ____________ that float on the more fluid _____________ below.

Back 86

lithosphere, asthenosphere

Front 87

Moving from an oceanic ridge to an oceanic trench, the thickness of the lithosphere:

Back 87

increases in proportion to the distance

Front 88

The mid-atlantic ridge is an example of:

Back 88

divergent plate boundary

Front 89

Deep ocean trenches are associated with:

Back 89

subduction zones

Front 90

Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries?

Back 90

Andesitic volcanoes

Front 91

Which of the following is a characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries?

Back 91

volcanic island arcs

Front 92

Which of the following is characteristic of continental-continental convergent plate boundaries?

Back 92

uplifted mountain ranges

Front 93

The San Andreas Fault ___________

Back 93

is a continental transform fault

Front 94

The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is:

Back 94

moving over a hot spot or mantle plume

Front 95

volcanoes on the seafloor that are cone-shaped on top because they never reached sealevel are called ________.

Back 95

seamounts

Front 96

Volcanoes on the seafloor that are flat-topped because of wave erosion are called ________.

Back 96

tablemounts

Front 97

Coral reefs:

Back 97

include atolls, barrier, and fringing reefs

Front 98

The first scientist to propose the origin of coral reefs based upon subsidence (sinking) of volcanicislands was ________.

Back 98

Charles Darwin

Front 99

Coral reefs that initially develop along the margin of an island or continent where environmentalconditions are suitable are called ________.

Back 99

Fringing reefs

Front 100

The study of historical changes of continental shapes and positions is called ________.

Back 100

paleography

Front 101

Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis received much hostile criticism and ridicule fromthe scientific community because of which of the following?

Back 101

The mechanism he proposed for the movement of the continents

Front 102

Which of the following fossils was used as data to help reconstruct Pangea because it was areptile found in South America and Africa?

Back 102

Mesosaurus

Front 103

Harry Hess suggested which of the following?

Back 103

The volcanic mid-ocean ridges were formed due to sea floor spreading.

Front 104

Tectonic plates move about as fast as:

Back 104

Your fingernails grow

Front 105

Which of the following rocks is the most reliable one used to collect information about Earth's magnetic field where and when the rock originated

Back 105

Basalt

Front 106

Which of the following is the most convincing piece of evidence set forth to support the conceptof sea floor spreading?

Back 106

The oceanic pattern of alternating reversals of Earth's magnetic field.

Front 107

The sea floor of which of the following oceans has the simplest and most symmetric pattern ofage distribution?

Back 107

Atlantic

Front 108

Based on the theory of plate tectonics, you would expect to find ________ heat flow at the mid ocean ridge and __________ heat flow at subduction zones when compared to other parts of the crust

Back 108

increased, decreased

Front 109

Most large earthquakes occur along which of the following?

Back 109

Mid-oceanic ridges

Front 110

The tectonic forces called slab pull and slab suction may act in unison at which type of plateboundary?

Back 110

Convergent

Front 111

Which of the following is an example of an oceanic-oceanic divergent plate boundary?

Back 111

East pacific rise

Front 112

Which of the following is an example of a continental-continental divergent plate boundary?

Back 112

Red Seas

Front 113

Which of the following is an example of an oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundary?

Back 113

Aleutian islands

Front 114

Which of the following is an example of an oceanic-contential convergent?

Back 114

Andes Mountains

Front 115

Which of the following is an example of a continental-continental convergent plate boundary?

Back 115

Himalaya mountains

Front 116

Which of the following is an example of an oceanic transform plate boundary?

Back 116

Mendocino Fault

Front 117

Which of the following is an example of a continental transform plate boundary?

Back 117

San Andreas Fault

Front 118

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 118

oceanic-oceanic divergent

Front 119

The East Pacific Rise is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 119

oceanic-oceanic divergent

Front 120

The East Africa Rift Valleys are an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 120

continental-continental divergent

Front 121

The Red Sea is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 121

continental-continental divergent

Front 122

The Gulf of California is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 122

continental-continental divergent

Front 123

The Peru Chile Trench is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 123

oceanic-continental convergent

Front 124

The Andes Mountains are an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 124

oceanic-continental convergent

Front 125

The Mariana Trench is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 125

oceanic-oceanic convergent

Front 126

The Aleutian Islands are an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 126

oceanic-oceanic convergent

Front 127

The Himalaya Mountains are an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 127

continental continental divergent

Front 128

The Alps are an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 128

continental continental convergent

Front 129

The Mendocino Fault is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 129

oceanic transform

Front 130

The Eltanin Fault is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 130

oceanic transform

Front 131

The San Andreas Fault is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 131

continental transform

Front 132

The Alpine Fault of New Zealand is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 132

continental transform

Front 133

The gently sloping and fast-spreading parts of the mid-ocean ridge are called ________.

Back 133

ocean rises

Front 134

The steeply-sloping and slower-spreading parts of the mid-ocean ridge are called ________.

Back 134

ocean ridges

Front 135

Earth's mantle is exposed on the ocean floor in great slabs of rock between widely-spacedvolcanoes in ________.

Back 135

ultra-slow spreading centres

Front 136

To find the largest area of the ocean with the oldest ocean crust, you should go to the ________.

Back 136

Northern Atlantic

Front 137

Chains of extinct volcanoes that are progressively older as one travels away from a hotspot arecalled ________.

Back 137

Nemataths

Front 138

Underwater volcanic peaks that resemble volcanoes on land except that they are flat on top arecalled ________.

Back 138

guyots

Front 139

The Himalaya Mountains are an example of the ________ stage of the Wilson Cycle.

Back 139

Suturing

Front 140

Plate convergence begins during which stage of the Wilson Cycle?

Back 140

Declining

Front 141

Which of the following is an example of the embryonic stage of the Wilson Cycle?

Back 141

East Africa

Front 142

The Pacific Ocean is an example of the ________ stage of the Wilson Cycle.

Back 142

Declining

Front 143

Ocean basins with continental margins are representative of the ________ stage of the WilsonCycle.

Back 143

mature