Nz Atpl Nav Mv

Front 1

What is a great circle

Back 1

A line dividing the earth into 2 equal parts

Front 2

What is a small circle?

Back 2

Any circle that is not a great circle

Front 3

What is a rhumb line?

Back 3

A line with constant direction. It cuts the meridians at a constant angle

Front 4

Are parallels of latitude rhumb lines or great circles?

Back 4

Rhumb lines

Front 5

Does a rhumb line reference true or magnetic North?

Back 5

True

Front 6

What is the departure formula?

Back 6

Distance nm = difference in longitude (minutes of arc) x cosine of the latitude

Front 7

What measures the shortest distance between 2 points?

Back 7

Great circle

Front 8

Isognals

Back 8

Lines of equal variation

Front 9

Agonic lines

Back 9

Lines joining places of nil variation

Front 10

Formula for calculating earth's convergency

Back 10

Earth convergence = difference longitude x sine mean latitude

Front 11

Convergence angle formula

Back 11

0.5 x diff long x sin mean lat

Front 12

Formula for scale

Back 12

scale=earth distance/chart distance

Front 13

Mercator scale expansion formula

Back 13

Scale at latitude = scale at the equator x cos lat

Front 14

What is the sine of the parralel of origin also known as

Back 14

Convergence factor or constant of the cone

Front 15

What is used to create grivation?

Back 15

Variation and convergence

Front 16

What is a line of equal grivation called?

Back 16

Isogrivs

Front 17

How many degrees of rotation equates to 1 hour?

Back 17

15

Front 18

How many minutes of time equates to 1 degree of rotation?

Back 18

4 minutes

Front 19

30 minutes of rotation equals how many mintues of time?

Back 19

2 minutes

Front 20

What process is used to calculate eta in local time?

Back 20

ETD + elapsed time = eta +- time conversion

Front 21

Distance to etp

Back 21

(d x h) / (o+h)

Front 22

Distance to Pnr formula

Back 22

(E x o x h) / (o + h)

Front 23

Time to Pnr formula

Back 23

(E x h) /(o+h)

Front 24

What is the radius of action?

Back 24

Fuel used per nm out to Pnr + fuel used per nm home from pnr

Front 25

How is rvr reported?

Back 25

0-400m in 25m steps

400-800m in 50m steps

800-1500m in 100m steps

Front 26

What are the 3 elements/segments of the GPS system?

Back 26

space, control, user

Front 27

Explain the process of pseudo-ranging

Back 27

The time taken for the pseudo-random code multiplied by the speed of light to find the distance between the satellite and the receiver

Front 28

How many satellites required for a 2D fix?

Back 28

3

Front 29

How many sallites are required for a 3d fix (position + altitude)

Back 29

4 or 3 with barometric aiding

Front 30

What information is included in the pseudo-random code?

Back 30

Ephemeris, GPS time reference, almanac

Front 31

What is ephemeris data?

Back 31

Data giving the current position of the satellite

Front 32

What is GPS time reference data?

Back 32

Time data provided by an atomic clock synchronized with the other satellites

Front 33

What is almanac data?

Back 33

Information on the satellites constellations

Front 34

What are the 2 types of pseudo random code?

Back 34

Precise positioning system (pps)

Standard positioning system (sps) also referred to as course acquisition code (c/a)

Front 35

What frequency does the p code operate in?

Back 35

L2 or 1227.6 mhz

Front 36

What frequency does the c/a code operate on?

Back 36

L1 or 1575.42 mhz

Front 37

When is a trimming process used?

Back 37

To eliminate clock error

Front 38

What is the masking function?

Back 38

The receiver will ignore sallites below the masking angle to eliminate propagation error

Front 39

How does differential GPS (dgps) work?

Back 39

A ground based receiver at a known location calculates error on the received satellite signal and broadcasts the correction to other receivers

Front 40

What accuracy can be achieved with dgps?

Back 40

+- 10 m

Front 41

What is the position error guaranteed by raim?

Back 41

2 nm enroute

1 nm terminal areas

0.3 nm approach

Front 42

How many satellites required for raim?

Back 42

5, or 4 with baro aiding

Front 43

PDOP =

Back 43

GDOP - Clock error

Front 44

What is multipath error?

Back 44

When the receiver receives signals reflected from the earth as well as the original signals

Front 45

What is ionospheric propagation effect?

Back 45

The signal from the satellite is slowed down in the ionosphere causing an error

Front 46

How is ionospheric propogation offset?

Back 46

Offset by the receiver using information supplied in transmitted data

Front 47

What is Tropospheric propagation effect?

Back 47

Water vapour in the lower atmosphere slows down the signal from the satellite

Front 48

How is tropospheric propagation minimized?

Back 48

Compensation modelling in the receiver

Front 49

What type of chart is the Auckland Oceanic FIR EN-Route Chart?

Back 49

Lambert conformal conic projection

Front 50

What are the standard parallels of the Auckland Oceanic FIR EN-Route Chart?

Back 50

Equator and 25 S

Front 51

What is the scale of the Auckland Oceanic FIR EN-Route Chart?

Back 51

1:6000000

Front 52

What tracks do the routes follow on the Auckland Oceanic FIR EN-Route Chart?

Back 52

Great circles

Front 53

How should chart distance be found on the Auckland Oceanic FIR EN-Route Chart?

Back 53

Local latitude scale

Front 54

Are the meridians and parallels true or magnetic on the Auckland Oceanic FIR EN-Route Chart?

Back 54

True

Front 55

How are Isogonals shown on the Auckland Oceanic FIR EN-Route Chart?

Back 55

Dashed lines with degrees and minutes of variation

Front 56

Rate of climb required =

Back 56

Gradient precent x ground speed x 1.013

Front 57

Gradient percent required =

Back 57

VSI/(ground speed x 1.013)

Front 58

Ft per NM =

Back 58

(VSI x 60)/Ground speed

Front 59

How is the Auckland Oceanic Mag Track Table applied?

Back 59

000 to 179, odd

180 to 359, even.

Above FL400/410, 4000 ft intervals

Front 60

What is the departure formula used for?

Back 60

Measuring the distance between meridians of longitude at the same latitude

Front 61

What is earth convergence?

Back 61

The angle of inclination between any two meridians at a given latitude. This is the difference between the great circle track angles at two meridians

Front 62

What is the convergence angle?

Back 62

The difference between the great circle track and the convergence angle. This is equal to half the earth convergence

Front 63

What chart is used for polar regions?

Back 63

Polar stereographic chart

Front 64

What polar regions can a lambert projection be used for ?

Back 64

70 to 80 degrees latitude

Front 65

What is the point of origin for a polar stereographic chart?

Back 65

The pole

Front 66

How do great circles and rhumb lines show on a polar stereographic chart?

Back 66

Curves concave to the pole. Great circles higher than 75 degrees are considered straight lines

Front 67

What charts are usually used for plotting flights where great circles are flown?

Back 67

Lambert

Front 68

What charts are used for plotting radio wave tracks?

Back 68

Lambert

Front 69

When are Mercator charts usually used?

Back 69

Flights between 70N and 70S when rhumb line tracks are flown

Topographical maps or equator regions

Front 70

Are areas accurately projected on a Lambert chart?

Back 70

Not quite

Front 71

What is the angle between grid north and true north known as?

Back 71

Convergence

Front 72

Variation +- Convergence =

Back 72

Grivation

Front 73

How many hours is 360 degrees of rotation?

Back 73

24 hours

Front 74

How many hours is 90 degrees of rotation?

Back 74

6 hours