Atpl Nav - Navaids

Front 1

LOC range of reliability

Back 1

35° of centre line to 10nm

10° of centre line to 18nm

= area of loc full scale deflection with "off" flag out of view

*both front and back course

*outside, will be false loc indications

Front 2

ILS course deviation

Back 2

0.5° per dot

2.5° full scale deflection

Front 3

VOR receiver check tolerances

Back 3

VOT: +/- 4°

VOR check pt (a/d): +/- 4° & 0.5 DME

Dual VOR comparison: 4°

Airborne check: 6°

Front 4

VOR course deviation

Back 4

2° per dot

5 dots = 10° max

Front 5

VOR & DME accuracy

Back 5

Accuracy of pub radial +/- 3 deg

DME 0.5 or 3% of distance, the greater

Front 6

VOT testing indications

Back 6

360° FROM centered

090° OFF full right

180° TO centered

270° OFF full left

RMI 180° TO irrespective of a/c pos

Front 7

NDB accuracy

Back 7

+/- 5° for App

+/- 10° for on Airway/air route

*NDB range dependent on output pwr of transmitter

Front 8

LF/MF airway & air route dimensions

Back 8

4.34 nm wide

5° splay

49.66 nm

Front 9

Dimensions of VHF airway

Back 9

4.0 nm either side centreline

4.5° splay

50.8 nm

Front 10

ADF coastal effect most pronounced

Back 10

Bearing btwn station and a/c < 30°

Front 11

ADF errors

Back 11

MENPICB

1. Mountain effect

- radio waves reflect off mntn side

2. Electrical/TS effect

- ground waves influenced by electric

3. Night effect

- ionosphere changes

4. Precipitation static

5. Icing and sleet

6. Coastal effect

- signal chng direction land to water

7. Bank error (quadrantal)

- in bank, bp points dwn twds station

- radio waves deflected when strike portions of a/c before striking loop

- also caused by radio energy w/in ac

Front 12

Ploting line of pos from NDB

Back 12

Convert magnetic to true

If plotting VOR can use compass rose

Front 13

RMI

Back 13

Head of needle = BTS

Tail of needle = BFS

If VOR selected

Tail of needle = radial a/c is over

*magnetic

Front 14

ILS CAT min

Back 14

CAT 1: min DH 200 and RVR 2600

(or 1/2 sm where no RVR

CAT 2: min 100' DH and RVR 1200'

CAT 3: carriers OPS SPEC

- a/c & a/d equip & procedured req

Front 15

DME principle

Back 15

A/c receives pulse signal from station at slightly different time than transmitted signal

*secondary radar

Front 16

Doppler radar principle

Back 16

Phase shift btwn transmitted and received signal

Returning signal at higher fqz

Provides data for g/s and drift info

- computer processes, together w/ heading from compass, into pos and guidance data

- error cumulative with time

Front 17

VOR principle

Back 17

Phase diff btwn 2 signals (= No of radials w/ N being 0)

Reference phase

Variable phase (phase angle depends on angle from magnetic north)

Front 18

INS principle

Back 18

Measures linear acceleration (w/ accelerometers) & angular acceleration (w/ gyroscopes) against time to determine speed & position info

Front 19

Baro-aiding

Back 19

- GPS receiver receives signal from encoding altimeter (s.t. alt errors)

- reduces req sat by 1 (RAIM = 4)

Front 20

Passing abeam VOR stn & CDI fully deflected w/ no TO/FROM flag

Back 20

A/c crossing radial that is 90° to one selected on OBS

Front 21

IRS

Back 21

- uses lasers to measure a/c accelerations in 3 axis

- output directly to FMS

Front 22

INS capable of providing

Back 22

- steering info to autopilot

- a/c attitude info for instruments

- antenna stabilization for wx radar

- horizontal nav data

Front 23

VORTAC

Back 23

Get azimuth (vhf) and distance (uhf) info on paired fqz