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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define " Cyclonic" directions for Nth and Sth Hemispheres |
Sth - Clockwise Nth - Anticlockwise |
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Define "Anticyclonic" for Nth and Sth Hemispheres |
Sth - Anticlockwise Nth - Clockwise |
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Low - Cyclonic or Anticyclonic? |
Cyclonic |
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High - Cyclonic or Anticyclonic? |
Anticyclonic |
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What is a Col? |
Area between two Lows and two Highs. Characterised by light and variable winds and poor visibility. |
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General direction of movement of pressure systems in Mid Latitudes? |
West to East |
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Relative wind strengths around Highs and Lows given equal spacing between isobars? Why? |
"Fly around a high, slow around a low" Coriolis Force around a high is greater than the Pressure Gradient Force, so the wind strength is higher. |
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Coriolis Force Formula |
CF = 2 v Ω sin θ v = wind speed Ω = Earth's rate of rotation (7.29×10^-5 rads/s) θ = latitude CF = 0 at equator (Sin 0° = 0), max at poles (Sin 90° = 1) |
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Effect of friction on surface winds in both hemispheres? |
(PGF unaffected by friction, CF reduced as friction lowers wind speed)
Result: Sth - veer and decrease Nth - back and decrease Rough = larger direction change, larger change in speed. larger change in speed. Land = 30° change in direction, 1/3 geostrophic wind speed Sea = 10° change in direction, 2/3 geostrophic wind speed |
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Climbing/Descending out of/into friction layer in both hemispheres? |
Sth:
Wind Backs "Up" - Climbing out of friction layer, wind Backs and increases in strength. - Descending into friction layer, wind veers and decreases in strength
North: - Climbing out of friction layer, wind veers and increases in strength - Descending into friction layer, wind Backs and decreases in strength. (Note: opposite change in direction, same change in speed) |
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Diurnal variation of surface wind in both hemispheres? |
Sth: Wind Backs "up" in the morning Backs and increases after sunrise Veers and decreases after sunset Nth: Veers and increases after sunrise Backs and decreases after sunset (Note: opposite change in direction, same change in speed) |
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Conversion from °C, °F and K |
°C = (°F - 32) / 1.8 °F = (°C / 1.8) + 32 K = °C + 273 |
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Wavelength of solar radiation? |
0.5 - 4 microns Shortwave |
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Wavelength of Terrestrial Radiation? |
"longwave" - 4 & 80 μm
Note: band between 8-12 μm is not generally absorbed by Atmos. => "Atmospheric Window" |
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Cold Front - Pressure change before/at/after? |
Before: Decrease At: arrest of fall After: Increase |
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Cold Front - Temp Before/At/After? |
Before: Steady "Warm" At: sharp decrease After: steady "cold" |
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Cold Front - Wind Before/At/After? |
Before: slight veering and increase At: sudden backing After: steady direction, slow decrease |
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Cold Front - Cloud Before/At/After? |
Before: Possibly some CS or AS At: CU, CB and NS (depends on Ana/Kata) After: may clear rapidly then iso CU/CB |
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Cold Front - Precip Before/At/After? |
Before: not common At: showers, possibly heavy, may include Hail After: showers may cease quickly then iso showers |
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Cold Front - Vis Before/At/After? |
Before: fair to Good At: very poor After : Very good, but reduced in showers |
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Cold Front - dew Point Before/At/After? |
Before: no change At: increase due Precip After: lower than DP in advance of front |
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Warm Front - Pressure Before/At/After? |
Before: decrease At: arrest of fall After: steady or slight rise |
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Warm Front - Temp |
Before: steady or slight decrease due Precip At: increase After: little change |
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Warm Front - Wind Before/At/After? |
Before: veer and slight increase At: backing After: fairly steady speed and direction |
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Warm Front - cloud
Before/At/After? |
Before: CI, CS, AS, NS, patches of ST, SC. May include CU and CB depending on Kata/ana
At: ST, NS. May include CU and CB depending on Kata/ana
After: no high level cloud, but low level Cloud (ST, SC) may persist |
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Warm Front - Precip Before/At/After? |
Before: light rain turning to persistent heavy rain At: rain ceases but may change to DZ After: occasional RA or DZ |
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Warm Front - Vis Before/At/After? |
Before: Good but becoming poor in RA At: very poor After: fair but poor in RA/DZ |
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Warm Front - Dew Point Before/At/After? |
Before: slight increase At: steady After: higher value than before warm front |
