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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Flight planning documents include... |
Weather Notams Computer produced Briefing Documents |
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How many flights will each planner typically process each day |
12-14 but up to 20 |
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How long does a typical flight plan have allocated to process? |
15 mins trans tasman 90 mins trans atlantic |
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Are flight plans generated with min fuel or best alternate selection? |
Min fuel |
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When is a supervisor on duty? |
0500 until 2130 local time |
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UPR |
User preferred route |
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DARP |
Dynamic airborne route planning system |
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What computer produced Briefing documents are included in the briefing documents? |
Cover sheet Despatch message and crew list Computer generated flight plan Crew mail briefing Route plot |
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PID |
Plan ID number Allows the crew to check the despatch message is correct for the computer generated flight plan |
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Despatch message is a summary of significant operational details relating to the flight. It includes... |
Captains and flight planners names Flight number Departure date in utc Dep and dest airfields Aircraft type Rego PID ETD in utc Latest STD Latest STA Published STD/STA/ETA Flight planned time Blox to Blox time Summary of planned weights Summary of max structural limits Fuel density if different from 0.79 (0.81 LAX) MEL/DDPG items Flight planner notes to crew Load control contact Copy of filed flight plan |
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DDPG |
Despatch deviation procedures guide |
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COF |
Crew on flight list |
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CFP |
Computer generated flight plan |
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What is the purpose of the crew mail briefing? |
Contains operational, technical, administrative and crewing information for the flight crew. |
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The Route Plot shows... |
Flight planned route between the departure and destination airfields. Shows the great circle direct track. FIR boundaries Sig wx enroute EDTO range circles if the aircraft is approved. Flight number and date. |
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In NZ, who has final authority for the loading of extra fuel? |
The Captain |
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What documents contain the full details of an airlines flight and fuel planning policies? |
CAA approved Ops Specs and various operations manuals |
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What are some performance limitations which may reduce maximum weights? |
Field length, climb gradient, obstacle clearance, enroute, landing, tyre speed, brake energy limits |
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What does the flight planning computer weight and balance suse for specific gravity by default? |
0.79 kg/l |
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What are the S.G adjustable limits of the flight planning computer for weight and balance? |
0.78-0.83 kg/l |
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What are the fuel temperature limitations? |
Min in flight tank temperature of freezing point of fuel +3 degrees Celsius. |
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What are the freezing temperatures of Jet A and Jet A1 |
Jet A, - 40 celcius Jet A1, - 47 celsius |
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What is the contingency reserve fuel allowance? |
2% of trip fuel A to B |
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What is the fuel allowance for an instrument approach and landing? Time and weight. |
12 mins, 1080 kg Add PDA |
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Final fixed reserve fuel amount |
30 mins of holding at 1500 ft |
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What is cover in "extra holding at B" fuel? |
1500 ft over head B, 60 mins at 1500 ft. Inclusive of approach and landing fuel |
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PDA |
Performance Deterioration Allowance |
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What cost index is used for calculating B to C fuel? |
0 |
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What burn rate of fuel should be used for extra preflight fuel? |
33 kg/min |
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How much fuel for a missed approach? |
470 kg |
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How much fuel for the second instrument approach? |
1180 kg |
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How much for a visual approach and landing? |
540 kg |
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What is the average fuel saving following a diversion from TOD? |
2560 kg |
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What is the average fuel saving following a diversion from 3000 ft? |
1550 kg |
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What is a THFA? |
Traffic holding fuel advisory |
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Explain the application of THFA |
Published by NOTAM or shown in Jeppesen ATC section. Extra fuel will be planned holding at 20,000 ft and a not to the crew will be provided |
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Describe DARP |
Enroute assessment of the flight planned route for fuel savings. The divergence waypoints will appear on the original and new flight plan and must be 20 minutes minimum ahead of the aircraft. |
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What occurrences may result in a DARP proposal to be declined? |
Satcom or data link issues. Defects not known to flight planning. |
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ETP |
Equi-time point |
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DDP |
Diversion decision point |
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PNR/PSR |
Point of no/safe return |
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PNRDP |
Point of no return decision point |
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ETPD |
Equi-time point depressurised |
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If the DARP reroute fuel requirement is greater than the fuel on board, flight planning will... |
Create a DDP flight plan Or If already on a DDP/PNRDP plan, advise the impact of the DARP route on contingency and discretionary fuel |
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What extra fuel must be included if the flight is planned to a closed destination? (weather below landing minima) |
Fuel for flight to one of the destination weather alternates at 9000 or 10000 ft |
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What 3 space weather phenomena affect aviation? |
Geomagnetic storms Solar radiation storms Radio blackouts |
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What flight are assessed for space weather exposure? |
Polar region flights. Greater than 60 degrees |
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Describe the term "minimum fuel" |
When any change to the existing clearance may result in landing at the current planned Aerodrome to be less than 30 minutes |
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When should the pilot use the term "mayday fuel" |
When it is assessed the aircraft will land with less than 30 minutes of fuel remaining |
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What is the reference position fmof cruise c of g for the 777 when calculating fuel burn? |
30% |
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What will happen to fuel burn when the cruise c of g is forward of the reference value? |
Increased fuel burn in the cruise |
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What is the standard fuel burn of the APU? |
240 kg/hr |
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What is a DDP plan used for? |
Payload enhancement |
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What minimum fuel contingency is in a DDP? |
Reduced to 0% from departure to DDP. 2% from DDP to destination |
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What is diversion reserve fuel? |
15 mins holding at 1500 ft |
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What is a PNR? |
Point of No/Safe Return |
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What is the definition of PNR? |
The point in the flight beyond which an aircraft must continue because the remaining fuel will be insufficient for a return to the departure airfield. |
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What does CAR Part 1 define reserve fuel as? |
The minimum quantity of fuel required to provide a margin to secure the safe completion of a flight in the event of any unplanned maneuvering in the vicinity of the destination or alternate aerodrome. |
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What is a PSR? |
Point of safe return |
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What is the definition of a PSR? |
The point in the flight of an aircraft beyond which with the remaining fuel will be insufficient for a safe return to the departure airfield with appropriate reserve fuel. |
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What is the formula for calculating an PNR/PSR? |
Distance to PNR/PSR= (ExOxH)/(O+H) E = The total safe endurance (to and from the PNR/PSR) O = Groundspeed out to the PNR/PSR H = Groundspeed home from the PNR/PSR |
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Converting Mach to TAS |
TAS = Mach No. x (38.94 x √K) Lapse rate = 1.98 degrees/100 ft K = 273 - OAT |
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PNR factor for the 777-300 ER |
37 |
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What is a PNR factor used for? |
For calculating Inflight PSRs |
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What is a PNR factor? |
The amount of fuel required to fly to 1 nm out from the ETP at altitude plus the fuel required to fly back from 1 nm depressurised at either 10000 ft or 14000 ft (the fuel required to fly 1 nm out and 1 nm back from the ETP) |
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Inflight PNR equation |
Inflight PNR = (ETP excess fuel - (PDA+Contingency))/PNR factor |
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What is a PNR DP |
PNR Decision point. A point on track where a decision is made to continue or divert to the associated refueling airfield. This is a weather consideration. |
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What is the maximum distance a PNR DP can be from the destination aerodrome? |
480 nm (Approx. 1 hr flight time) |
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Flight planned fuel on a PNR DP operation must consist of |
Preflight Fuel (510 kg) Fuel required from A to PNR DP +2% contingency Fuel depressureised from PNR DP to distant alternate +2% contingency 15 mins holding at 1500 ft plus approach and landing (1080 kgs) Must not be less than A to B plus 2% plus 2 hours Must also cove OEI out from the PNR DP |
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What is the definition of EDTO in CAR Part 1? |
A flight by a multi-engined turbine powered aircraft where flight time, calculated at OEI speed, in still air ISA conditions, from a point on the route to an adequate aerodrome is greater than the threshold time for the aircraft. |
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What is the threshold time as defined in CAR Part 1? |
60 mins 2 engines 180 mins with more than 2 engines |
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The sixty minute rule (EDTO) equates to roughly what distance? |
400 nm (cruise is 80% of normal cruise) |
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What is the difference between an Alternate Aerodrome and an Enroute EDTO Alternate Aerodrome? |
An Enroute EDTO is an aerodrome where the weather is forecast to meet the minimum requirements. |
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The EDTO entry point is when |
The aircraft first enters airspace outside the 60 min circle of an adequate aerodrome. |
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IFSD |
In flight shut down |
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What constitutes an IFSD according to the FAA? |
For EDTO only, when an engine ceases to function (when airborne) and is shut down, either self induced, crew initiated or caused by external influence. |
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Max IFSD rates for EDTO ops |
120 mins <0.05 IFSD per 1000 engine hours 180 mins <0.02 IFSD per 1000 engine hours >180 mins <0.01 IFSD per 1000 engine hours |
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What are the 3 segments of flight for an EDTO flight? |
Non-EDTO prior to entry point EDTO portion Non-EDTO portion after the exit point |
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Under what conditions are the rage circle calculated at for maximum diversion times of up to 180 mins? |
Approved OEI cruise speed under still air ISA conditions |
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To maximise the cruise speed for calculating EDTO maximum diversion time range circles, what speeds do airlines usually use? |
OEI long range cruise (LRC) |
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Are areas of EDTO up to 180 mins defined by time or distance? |
Distance |
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Are areas of EDTO >180 mins defines by time or distance? |
Time corrected for wind and temperature |
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What weather conditions must be met for an EDTO airfield during planning and prior to leaving the gate? |
Forecast crosswind (including gusts) within limits and Aerodromes with 2 or more precision approach procedure equipped runways - Ceiling of 400 ft or 200 ft above the lowest landing minima and Vis of 1500 m or 800 , more than the lowest landing minima A single precision approach procedure - Ceiling of 600 ft or 400 ft above the lowest landing minima and Vis of 3000 m or 1500 , more than the lowest landing minima Non-precision approach procedure - Ceiling of 800 ft or 400 ft above the lowest landing minima and Vis of 4000 m or 1500 , more than the lowest landing minima |
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What prob percentages in a forecast can be disregarded when selecting an EDTO alternate? |
40% |
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What is the LRC speed? |
315 kts |
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When generating a minimum cost flight plan, what are the two main function the computer considers? |
Fuel burn Airspace over flight fees |
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How many miles are the still air range circles for the 777-300 er for 120 and 180 mins? |
850nm and 1275nm 425 Kts |
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What does the number in the company route identifier mean eg AKLMEL1 |
The preprogrammed route number |
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How much is the cold fuel allowance? |
Fuel to allow for a 0.02 mach speed increase for 2 hours |
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MNO |
Mach no |
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ZATA |
Actual time of arrival in Zulu |
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ZEET |
Zone estimated elapsed time |
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ZETA |
ETA in Zulu |
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What factors can contribute to a higher avg ff? |
Heavier aircraft Higher cost index Lower than optimal altitude |
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Up to what ZFW change will a new CFP not normally be required for the 777-300ER? |
4000 kg |
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The fuel figures in the alternate summaries are the same as |
The primary alternate fuel figure |
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What fuel plan components are not included in the FUELRQ figures? |
2, 4, 7, 8 Contingency ETP B/U XTR Hold Tanker Fuel |
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Speed for max range in a turbofan aircraft |
1.32 Vimd |
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Speed for max range in a turboprop aircraft |
Min drag Vimd |
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Is LRC faster or slower than MRC? |
Faster. Often a 1% range penalty for a 5% airspeed advantage |
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MORA |
Minimum off route altitude Route or grid |
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Route MORA |
10 nm either side of an airway. 1000 ft clearance 2000 ft in mountainous terrain |
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Grid MORA |
Obstacle clearance in a 1 by 1 degree block. 1000 ft in terrain below 5000 ft amsl. 2000 ft with terrain above 5001 ft amsl |
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MOCA |
Minimum obstruction clearance altitude |
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What letter denotes a MOCA altitude on a Jeppesen chart? |
T |
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Is MOCA above or below MEA? |
Always below. May mean no radar coverage |
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How far either side of track is evaluated for SH? |
50 nm |
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What is the minimum fuel overhead the destination if no alternate is required? |
60 mins hold at 1500 ft AAL. This is inclusive of the 30 mins reserve and inst app and ldg fuel |
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What is the 5% wind adjustment applied to? |
ETPs |
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How is fuel loaded for "operational flexibility" on a DDP shown? |
As tanker fuel |
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How much extra fuel is added to DDP flights from North America? |
500 kg added as tanker fuel |
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On a DDP, what is the minimum fuel overhead a refueling airfield? |
60 minutes holding fuel at 1500 ft AAL Must be added by the crew |
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Min fuel on PNR DP operation |
A-B + 2% + 2 hours |
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What is a type design? |
Engine/Airframe combo |
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What is the min holding fuel requirement at an Enroute EDTP Alternate Aerodrome? |
15 mins at 1500 ft AAL |
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Once airborne, what is the weather minima at Enroute EDTO Alternate Aerodromes? |
Weather must remain suitable to carry out an approach and land |
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What are the primary systems when considering an EDTO? |
Engines, hydraulics, pneumatics |
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How is the lowest cost index speed shown on the FMS? |
ECON |
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How is cost index calculated? |
Time related costs/Fuel costs |
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What is the minimum time cost index? |
CI999 |
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How does LRC compare with MRC speed? |
5% faster for a 1% range penalty |
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What factors are taken into account when calculating the Recommended Altitude? (RECMD) |
Weight Speed OAT Wind |
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Coldest ambient temperature used for calculations |
-56.5 C |
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What are the two types of CFP that drive the minimum fuel required for any given flight? |
A-B(C), or critical ETP fuel required |
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Where is the 2% contingency calculated? |
A-B Fuel |
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What are the factors affecting the the position of a PSR/PNR? |
Anything affecting fuel required |
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Why is LRC used as the standard drift down procedure? |
Highest practical TAS |
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What flight planning minima apply to EDTO end points? |
Normal approach and departure minima |
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What cost index is closest to MRC? |
CI0 |
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What speed equates to MRC in a turbo fan aircraft? |
1.32Vimd |
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What speed equates to MRC in a turbo prop aircraft? |
Vimd |
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What factors are used by the FMS to calculate the max altitude? |
Gross weight speed option air temperature engines operating cruise reference thrust limit residual rate of climb |
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What factors influence the construction of a CFP? |
Fuel airspace fees time |
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What is PDA applied to? |
Everything |
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What factors affect the position of an ETP? |
anything that affects time |
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How do you tell if a flight plan is DDP? |
0/2 contingency and a DDP summary after the fuel analysis |
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Why is a PNR DP planned? |
Weather requirements at the destination and usually used destination alternates cannot be met |
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What is the max distance from a destination aerodrome the PNR DP can be? |
480 nm |
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What factors are considered when calculating the range circle distance for <180 min EDTO |
OEI cruise speed, still air, ISA conditions |
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When would Engine out drift down speed be selected in the FMS by the crew? |
When terrain critical |
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Why is a Cost index specified? |
To minimise operating costs |
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What factors does the FMS take into account when calculating the OPT (optimum altitude)? |
Gross weight Cruise speed |
