Nutrition Test 3

Front 1

what are proteins made of?

Back 1

amino acids

Front 2

what is special about protein?

Back 2

it has nitrogen

Front 3

essential amino acids

Back 3

9 amino acids that must come from the diet

Front 4

nonessential amino acids

Back 4

11 amino acids that the body can synthesize

Front 5

complementary proteins

Back 5

more common when trying to get all essential amino acids from plant sources. put two different incomplete proteins together: beans & rice, corn & beans, rice & peas

Front 6

limiting amino acids

Back 6

a food doesn't have enough of one or more essential amino acids. bottom line: you have a plant protein source, and it doesn't have all the essential aa's. the essential aa's lacking are called the limiting aa's and that's why you need complementary proteins.

Front 7

animal protein sources

Back 7

beef, poultry, milk, cheese, white bread (plant souce- flour)

Front 8

where does most protein digestion & absorption occur?

Back 8

in the small intestine & stomach

Front 9

pepsin

Back 9

protein digesting enzyme in the stomach

Front 10

RDA of protein

Back 10

8g/kg of body weight

Front 11

marasmus

Back 11

very little protein & kcals in diet "skin & bones"

Front 12

kwashiorkor

Back 12

very little protein, but only a moderate deficit in kcals

Front 13

cancer

Back 13

the abnormal and uncontrollable division of cells

Front 14

tumors

Back 14

spontaneous new tissue growth that serves no real purpose

Front 15

metastatis

Back 15

spreading into blood or lymph, transported elsewhere, and continues to grow

Front 16

how can our bodies protect us from cancer?

Back 16

2 of the bodies defenses:enzyme systems & genes

Front 17

things in diet that are good for us in terms of cancer?

Back 17

fiber, antioxidants: fruits, veggies, whole grains, nuts & seeds

Front 18

phytochemicals

Back 18

nonessential but helpful compounds from plants, may prevent disease

Front 19

what is used to produce alcohol?

Back 19

yeast fermentation of a carb

Front 20

alcohol metabolism

Back 20

depends on gender, race, size, food, etc. alcohol has priority in metabolism

Front 21

where is alcohol metabolized?

Back 21

majority in the liver

Front 22

problems associated with binge drinking

Back 22

accidents, injuries, std's, academic problems

Front 23

disease commonly associated with alcohol in liver

Back 23

cirrhosis

Front 24

family tendency for alcoholism

Back 24

children of alcoholics 4x more likely

Front 25

vitamin

Back 25

essential organic substances

Front 26

fat soluble

Back 26

not readily excreted (except k) a, d, e, k

Front 27

water soluble

Back 27

generally lost from the body (except vitamins b6 & b12)

Front 28

function of vitamin a

Back 28

eyesight (rods & cones), helps cells grow & mature, reproduction, antioxidant

Front 29

function of vitamin e

Back 29

antioxidant, helps vitamin a absorption, assists in iron metabolism, inhibits LDL oxidation, and maintains nervous & immune system

Front 30

function of vitamin k

Back 30

role in blood coagulation, helps organs bind calcium

Front 31

characteristics of vitamin d

Back 31

derived from cholesterol, can be made by our bodies with sun exposure

Front 32

sources of vitamin e

Back 32

plant oil, seeds & nuts, wheat germ, cereals (esp. if fortified or bran)

Front 33

water soluble vitamins

Back 33

b1-thiamin, b2-riboflavin, b3-niacin

Front 34

sources of b1

Back 34

enriched & whole grain bread, pork, lunch meats, cereal

Front 35

sources of b2

Back 35

milk, enriched grains, liver, oysters

Front 36

b3 deficiency

Back 36

only diet deficiency to become an epidemic in the US

Front 37

folate function

Back 37

dna, rbc synthesis

Front 38

folate sources

Back 38

fortified cereals, green leafy vegetables, orange juice

Front 39

folate deficiency

Back 39

megaloblastic anemia: pregnant women, alcoholics; neural tube defects: range of problems- spina bifida

Front 40

b12 function

Back 40

rbc formation, nerve function: maintain myelin sheaths

Front 41

b12 sources

Back 41

only animal products

Front 42

rda for vitamin c

Back 42

90 mg/day for males, 75 mg/day for females, +35 mg/day for smokers

Front 43

functions of vitamin c

Back 43

antioxidant, immune functions, iron absorption, synthesis of collagen

Front 44

pantothenic acid deficiency

Back 44

rare

Front 45

biotin function

Back 45

coenzyme role: metabolism of carbs & fats

Front 46

vitamin b6 function

Back 46

coenzyme role- amino acid & glycogen metabolism, noncoenzyme role- steroid hormones