Nutrition Chapter 9

Front 1

What percent of adults in the U.S. are overweight or obese?

Back 1

66%

Front 2

What percent of children and adolescents in the U.S. are overweight or obese?

Back 2

33%

Front 3

True or False: Obesity is only in industrialized nations.

Back 3

False!!
more than 115 million people in developing countries suffer from obesity-related problems

Front 4

When "energy out" exceeds "energy in", the _____ of fat cells decreases, but not their _____.

Back 4

size; number

Front 5

Excess fat first fills the body's natural storage site, which is what?

Back 5

adipose tissue

Front 6

What is epigenetics?

Back 6

the influence of environmental factors

Front 7

Obesity due to an increase in the NUMBER of fat cells

Back 7

hyperplastic obesity

Front 8

Obesity due to an increase in the SIZE of fat cells

Back 8

hypertrophic obesity

Front 9

What does leptin do?

Back 9

suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure;
promotes negative energy balance

Front 10

Gherlin

Back 10

secreted primarily by the stomach cells;
promotes a positive energy balance by stimulating appetite and promoting efficient energy storage

Front 11

Two types of fat in the body

Back 11

Brown fat and white fat

Front 12

What does white adipose tissue do?

Back 12

stores fat for other cells to use for energy

Front 13

What does brown adipose tissue do?

Back 13

releases stored energy as heat

Front 14

3 indicators used to evaluate the risks to health from obesity:

Back 14

BMI, waist circumference, and disease risk profile

Front 15

What things does the disease risk profile take into account?

Back 15

Life-threatening diseases, family history, and common risk factors for chronic diseases.

Front 16

Obese and overweight people with 2 OR MORE of these risk factors require aggressive treatment:

Back 16

hypertension, cigarette smoking, high LDL, low HDL, impaired glucose tolerance, family history of heart disease, men 45+ years old, women 55+

Front 17

Obese and overweight people with ANY of these DISEASES require aggressive treatment

Back 17

heart disease, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea

Front 18

True or False: Current laws do not require manufacturers of dietary supplements to test the safety or effectiveness of any product.

Back 18

TRUE

Front 19

How many drugs has the FDA approved to treat obesity?

Back 19

4

Front 20

What are the 4 drugs that the FDA has approved to treat obesity?

Back 20

sibutramine, orlistat, phentermine, and diethylpropion

Front 21

Surgery may be an option for people with ALL of the following conditions:

Back 21

unable to achieve adequate weight loss with diet and exercise, BMI >40 or >35 with weight-related health problems, no medical or psychological contradictions, understanding of risks and strong motivation to comply with post-surgery treatment plan

Front 22

Depending on the type of surgery, INITIAL weight loss is _____% of body weight.

Back 22

20-32%

Front 23

Ten years after surgery, weight loss is ______% of body weight.

Back 23

14-25%

Front 24

What is a reasonable rate of weight loss for overweight people?

Back 24

.5-2 pounds a week / 10% of body weight over 6 months

Front 25

What types of foods help to lower energy density?

Back 25

Foods containing water, rich in fiber, and low in fat

Front 26

Current recommendations for physical activity

Back 26

60 mins of moderately intense physical activity a day, in addition to activities of daily life

Front 27

Health benefits of exercise

Back 27

reduce abdominal obesity, and improve blood pressure, insulin resistance, and cardiorespiratory fitness

Front 28

Benefits of physical activity in a weight-management program

Back 28

-- short-term increase in energy expenditure
-- long-term increase in BMR
-- improved body composition
-- appetite control
-- stress reduction and control of stress eating
-- physical & psychological well-being
-- improved self-esteem

Front 29

How many steps a day helps to support a healthy BMI?

Back 29

10,000 steps

Front 30

Successful weight-loss maintenance

Back 30

achieving a weight loss of at least 10% of initial body weight and maintaining the loss for at least one year

Front 31

What does Sibutramine do?

Back 31

suppresses appetite

Front 32

Orlistat

Back 32

approved drug to treat obesity; inhibits pancreatic lipase activity in the GI tract

Front 33

Phentermine and Diethylpropion

Back 33

2 drugs approved to treat obesity; enhance the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, reduces food intake

Front 34

Weight maintenance may require a person to expend at least ______ calories in physical activity per week.

Back 34

2500