Nur 324-Test 3: Nutrition

Front 1

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

Back 1

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Vitamin B Complex Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
B6 (pyridoxine)
Folate (180-200 micrograms)
B12 (cobalamin)

Front 2

What are the Fat-Soluble vitamins?

Back 2

Vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinioc acid)= 800-1000 Retinal Equivalent
Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, ergosterol)
Vitamin E
Vitamin K (65-80 micrograms)

Front 3

What are the Macrominerals or Electrolytes?

Back 3

Calcium at lease 800 mg
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Sodium 500 mg
Potassium 1600-2000 mg

Front 4

What are the Microminerals?

Back 4

Iron 10-15 mg
Iodine

Front 5

What are the sources and functions of Vitamin C?

Back 5

Sources: Citrus Fruits, broccoli, green pepper, strawberries, greens

Functions: Collagen formation, antioxidant, enhances iron absorption

Front 6

What are the sources and functions of Vitamin B Complex Thiamin?

Back 6

Sources: Pork, liver, whole and enriched grains, legumes

Function: Coenzyme in key energy reactions

Front 7

What are the sources and functions of Riboflavin?

Back 7

Sources: Dairy, organ meats, enriched grains, greens

Function: Nutrient metabolism

Front 8

What are the sources and functions of Niacin?

Back 8

Sources: Grains, lean meat, nuts

Function: Nutrient metabolism

Front 9

What are the sources and functions of B6 (pyridoxine)?

Back 9

Sources: Fruit and dark leafy vegetables

Functions: Coenzymes in metabolism

Front 10

What are the sources and functions of Folate (180-200 micrograms)?

Back 10

Sources: Green leafy vegetables, liver

Function: RNA and DNA synthesis, formation and maturation of RBC

Front 11

What are the sources and functions of B12 (cobalamin)?

Back 11

Sources: Only animal and fortified foods: organ meats, meat, seafood.

Function: Coenzyme in protein metabolism and formation of heme portion of hemoglobin

Front 12

What are the sources and functions of Vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid)- 800-1000 Retinal Equivalent?

Back 12

Sources: Liver, carrots, egg yolk, fortified milk

Functions: Visual acuity, healthy skin and mucous membranes

Front 13

What are the sources and functions of Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, ergosterol)?

Back 13

Sources: Sunlight, fortified milk, fish liver oils

Functions: Calcium and phosphorus metabolism, stimulates calcium absorption

Front 14

What are the sources and functions of Vitamin E?

Back 14

Sources: vegetable oils, wheat germ, whole grain products

Functions: Antioxidant, protects vitamin A, heme synthesis

Front 15

What are the sources and functions of Vitamin K (65-80 micrograms)?

Back 15

Sources: Dark, green leafy vegetables; synthesized in intestines from gut bacteria

Functions: Blood clotting

Front 16

What are the sources and functions of Calcium (at least 800 mg)?

Back 16

Sources: Dairy, canned fish with bones, greens

Functions: Bones and tooth formation, blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction

Front 17

What are the sources and functions of Phosphorus?

Back 17

Sources: soft drinks, processed foods, dairy

Functions: Bone and tooth formation, acid-bone balance, energy metabolism

Front 18

What are the sources and functions of Magnesium?

Back 18

Sources: Green leafy vegetables, nuts, beans, grains

Functions: Bone and tooth formation, protein synthesis, metabolism

Front 19

What are the sources and functions of Sodium (500 mg)?

Back 19

Sources: Salt and "Hidden Sodium", IV Saline

Functions: Major ion of extracellular fluid

Front 20

What are the sources and functions of Potassium (1600-2000 mg)?

Back 20

Sources: Whole grains, fruits, leafy vegetables

Functions: Major ion of intracellular fluid

Front 21

What are the sources and functions of Iron (10-15)?

Back 21

Sources: Lean and organ meats, enriched and whole-grain breads and cereals

Functions: Oxygen transport by way of hemoglobin, and constituent of enzymes systems

Front 22

What are the sources and functions of Iodine?

Back 22

Sources: Iodize salt, seafood, food additives

Front 23

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency Vitamin C?

What are the signs and side effects of excess Vitamin C?

Back 23

S/S of Deficiency:
Scurvy, hemorrhaging, delayed wound healing

S/S of Excess: Kidney stones, scurvy on withdrawal, nausea, diarrhea

Front 24

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency Vitamin B Complex Thiamin?

What are the signs and side effects of excess Vitamin B Complex Thiamin?

Back 24

S/S of Deficiency:
Fatigue, Beriberi, mental confusion especially in alcoholism

S/S of Excess:
None Known

Front 25

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency Riboflavin?

What are the signs and side effects of excess Riboflavin?

Back 25

S/S of Deficiency:
Inflammation and poor healing

S/S of Excess:
None Known

Front 26

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency Niacin?

What are the signs and side effects of excess Niacin?

Back 26

S/S of Deficiency:
Pellagra, dermatitis

S/S of Excess:
Flushing and itching, nausea, vomiting

Front 27

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency B6 (pyridoxine)?

What are the signs and side effects of excess B6 (pyridoxine)?

Back 27

S/S of Deficiency:
Anemia, CNS problems, confusion

S/S of Excess:
Difficulty walking, numbness of feet and hands

Front 28

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency Folate (180-200 micrograms)?

What are the signs and side effects of excess Folate (180-200 micrograms)?

Back 28

S/S of Deficiency:
Macrocytic anemia: fatigue, weakness, pallor, fetal risk of spina bifida

S/S of Excess:
None Known

Front 29

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency B12 (cobalamin)?

What are the signs and side effects of excess B12 (cobalamin)?

Back 29

S/S of Deficiency:
Pernicious anemia due to lack of intrinsic factor or alcoholism

S/S of Excess:
None Known

Front 30

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency Vitamin A?

What are the signs and side effects of excess Vitamin A?

Back 30

S/S of Deficiency:
Night blindness, rough skin

S/S of Excess:
Anorexia, loss of hair, dry skin, bone pain

Front 31

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency of Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, ergosterol)?

What are the signs and side effects of excess of Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, ergosterol)?

Back 31

S/S of Deficiency:
Retarded bone growth, bone malformation

S/S of Excess:
Excessive calcification of bones, renal calculi

Front 32

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency of Vitamin E?

What are the signs and side effects of excess of Vitamin E?

Back 32

S/S of Deficiency:
Anemia

S/S of Excess:
Large doses can cause fatigue diarrhea

Front 33

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency of Vitamin K (65-80 micrograms)?

What are the signs and side effects of excess of Vitamin K (65-80 micrograms)?

Back 33

S/S of Deficiency:
Hemorrhagic disease of newborn, delayed blood clotting

S/S of Excess:
Hemolytic anemia and liver damage with synthetic vitamin K

Front 34

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency of Calcium (at least 800 mg)?

What are the signs and side effects of excess of Calcium (at least 800 mg)?

Back 34

S/S of Deficiency:
Tetany, osteoporosis

S/S of Excess:
Renal calculi in susceptible people

Front 35

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency of Phosphorus?

What are the signs and side effects of excess of Phosphorus?

Back 35

S/S of Deficiency:
Hypophosphatemia, muscle weakness

S/S of Excess:
Hyperphosphatemia, symptoms of hypocalcemic tetany

Front 36

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency of Magnesium?

What are the signs and side effects of excess of Magnesium?

Back 36

S/S of Deficiency:
Hypomagnesesemia, poor heart function, Torsades de Pointe

S/S of Excess:
CNS depression, coma, hypotension

Front 37

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency of Sodium (500 mg)?

What are the signs and side effects of excess of Sodium (500 mg)?

Back 37

S/S of Deficiency:
Skin clammy/ cold agitated/ confused leg cramps too little Na+

S/S of Excess:
"E.T. Phone Home"
Edema
Thirst
Pattern of weight gain
High B/P

Front 38

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency of Potassium (1600-2000 mg)?

What are the signs and side effects of excess of Potassium (1600-2000 mg)?

Back 38

S/S of Deficiency:
Hypokalemia: muscle cramps and weakness, irregular heart beats
EKG: u-wave

S/S of Excess:
Hyperkalemia: irritability; ventricular dysrrhymia, heart block
EKG: tall, tented T's

Front 39

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency of Iron (10-15 mg)?

What are the signs and side effects of excess of Iron (10-15 mg)?

Back 39

S/S of Deficiency:
Microlytic anemia, pallor, fatigue

S/S of Excess:
Hemosiderosis; acute iron poisoning, GI symptoms and possible shock

Front 40

What are the signs and side effects of deficiency of Iodine?

What are the signs and side effects of excess of Iodine?

Back 40

S/S of Deficiency:
Goiter

S/S of Excess:
Acne-like lesions

Front 41

What are factors that influence metabolism?

Back 41

Water for reactions
Lean muscle mass
Food Intake
Thyroid function
Pregnancy
Rapid growth
Overall lifestyle
Menstruation
Illness
Injury
Infection
Activity level
Emotional state
Sleeping

Front 42

The process of nutrition involves...

Back 42

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Storage
Elimination
Metabolism

Front 43

Who is medical nutrition therapy prescribed for?

Back 43

GI disease- peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel dz, ceiliac dz, diverticulitis
Diabetes Mellitus
Cardiovascular Dz
Pulmonary Dz
Hypertension
HIV

Front 44

US Dietary "Guidelines":

Back 44

Eat a variety of foods
Healthy weight
Balance your food with physical activity
Diet low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol
Vegetables, fruits, grain products are major needs
Use sugar, salt, and alcohol in moderation

Front 45

What percent of calorie intake should carbohydrates be of your daily diet?

Back 45

40-60%

Front 46

Which groups are the most vulnerable for lowered nutritional status?

Back 46

The elderly and the very young

Front 47

3 Ways of Nutritional Screening:

Back 47

-Self-reported check-list (tell me what you ate)
-Calculation of BMI (Body Mass Index)
-Limited anthropometric data (Measures body fat and should not be done on children)

Front 48

Things you can learn from a diet history:

Back 48

-Habitual intake (what the client usually eats)
- Caloric intake vs. energy needs
- Food preferences
- Allergies
- Ability to obtain food
- Religious restrictions
- Herbal supplements (things that might cause a food or drug interaction)
- Cultural influences
-Any Additional pertinent info

Front 49

Ideal body weight

Back 49

males: 106 lbs for 5 ft. plus 6 lbs per inch over 5 ft

females: 100 lbs for 5 ft plus 5 lbs per inch over 5 ft

Front 50

What are the levels of prealbumin in mild, moderate, and severe malnutrition?

Back 50

Mild: 10-15 mg/dL
Moderate: 5-10 mg/dL
Severe: <5 mg/dL

Front 51

Water soluble fiber

Back 51

-slows gastric emptyin/lower serum cholesterol
- delays glucose absorption which helps in persons with diabetes
- soluble fiber adds weight to stool, but NO BULK to aid elimination (may still need laxative)

Front 52

Water insoluble fiber

Back 52

- absorbs water to increase fecal bulk in the large intestine and aid elimination
- increases intestinal transit time
-may also reduce fat absorption
-TREAT CONSTIPATION

Front 53

One Serving of Carbohydrates equals:

Back 53

about 15 g from fruits, grains, starchy vegetables

Front 54

1 Dietians Carb equals:

Back 54

15g or 1 serving of carbohydrates

Front 55

Transport triglycerides from liver to tissue

Back 55

Very-low-density lipoproteins(VLDLs)

Front 56

plasma proteins with triglyceride components that carry cholesterol to cells (bad cholesterol)

Back 56

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)

Front 57

plasma proteins that carry fat in bloodstream to tissue or to liver to be excreted, Cardioprotective thus "good cholesterol" 1:3 ratio

Back 57

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Front 58

VAP Analysis

Back 58

Gives Genetic risk factors for heart disease

Front 59

What is the key ingredient between clear liquids and full liquids?

Back 59

Dairy

Front 60

Gastric by-pass diet

Back 60

smalls meals, low fat, high protein, NO carbonated beverages, high fiber

Front 61

Low-residue Diet

Back 61

minimizes elimination, restrict high fiber foods, fried foods, pepper, alcohol, any heavy seasonings

Front 62

Fat-controlled Diet

Back 62

for malabsorption, chronic pancreatitis, gallbladder disease or clients with CVD, CHF

Front 63

Protein-controlled Diet

Back 63

renal disease (renal failure, ESRD, dialysis, and transplant) and liver disease (liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, cirrhosis, transplant, and hepatitis)

Front 64

Food allergy diet

Back 64

egg free diet for clients with known sensitivity

Front 65

Purine-controlled diet

Back 65

gout
tumor lysis syndrome
multiple myeloma: due to elevated uric acid levels.
Use dairy products
restrict organ meats
anchovies
alcohol
seafood

Front 66

Sodium-controlled diet

Back 66

usually 2400 mg/day to as low as 500 mg/day in renal failure (used to treat hypertension, fluid restrictions, CVD)

Front 67

Carbohydrates-controlled

Back 67

Diabetes mellitus

Front 68

High-fiber diet

Back 68

complex carbs
lowfat
wholegrain products
vegetables/fruits to promote normal bowel function

Front 69

High-potassium diet

Back 69

orange juice
apricots
cantaloupes
bananas
-for client's with K+ losses

Front 70

High-calcium diet

Back 70

milk and dairy products
for client's with Ca++ losses (osteoporosis, kidney failure)

Front 71

High-protein diet

Back 71

for athletes- dietician or MD needs to prescribe

Front 72

Neutropenic diet (used for impaired immune function)

Back 72

Restrictions: fresh fruit, raw vegetables, nuts, seeds, dried fruits, black pepper, any food that carry pseudomonas aeruginosa

- Heat treat all foods to destroy bacteria

Front 73

How does cancer and cancer treatment affect nutrition?

Back 73

Radiation may destroy lining in GI tract
Can cause anorexia, stomatitis, severe diarrhea, strictures of intestines, and pain
Head/Neck: can distort taste, smell, salivation and cause dysphagia

Front 74

Nutrition Care in Cancer

Back 74

-Small, frequent meals
-nutrient dense high-calorie/high-protein meals
-Add extra nutrient dense foods such as:
honey
powdered skim milk
peanut butter
cheese
-Limit liquids with meals which contribute to mausea

Front 75

Conditions that cause nausea

Back 75

-Spicy, gas forming, and hard-to-digest foods
-Environment (smells and excessive stimulation)
- Use appetite stimulants such as Megace, Marinol, Periactin, or a small glass of wine to help

Front 76

Possible things to look for in the upset GI client

Back 76

Dehydration
Loss of electrolytes
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Malabsorption/malnutrition

Front 77

BRAT diet

Back 77

Bananas
Rice
Applesauce
Toast
- used alot in Peds or people with Flu virus

Front 78

Routes for Nutrition

Back 78

-Oral
-Enteral (gastrostomy, jejunostomy, nasogastric)
-Parenteral: Cannot give anything else through line used for lipids and TPN