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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What organs/elements exist in your left upper quadrant? (6) |
Stomach Left kidney & a.gland Spleen Body of pancreas Splenic flexure of colon SI |
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What organs/elements exist in the right lower quadrant? (6) |
Right spermatic cord Right ovary & uterine tube Right ureter cord Cecum Appendix SI |
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What organs/elements exist in the left lower quadrant? (5) |
Sigmoid colon Left ovary and uterine tube Left ureter Left spermatic cord SI |
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What organs/elements exists in your right upper quadrant? (7) |
Liver. Right kidney & a.gland Duodenum/SI Hepatic flexure of colon. Head of pancreas. Pylorus (opening of stomach into duod) Gall bladder |
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What is ascites? |
the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling. |
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What is dysmenorrhea? |
Painful periods. |
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What is torsion? |
The twisting of the spermatic cords (just above the testes). Extremely painful. |
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What test is done to look for prostate cancer? |
PSA test. High PSA levels in blood may indicate malignancy. |
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What does hypertrophy mean? |
Enlargement (due to enlargement of component cells) |
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In children, what does constipation often cause? |
Urinary incontinence, in 80% of cases if the constipation is gone, so to will the toileting issues |
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What is eructation? |
Burping! |
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What is cholecystitis? |
Inflammation of the gall bladder |
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What is ulcerative colitis? |
Inflammatory bowel disease that includes ulcers and sores within the large intestine and rectum. |
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What is tenesmus? |
A frequent/recurring urge to void ones bowels. |
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What is familial polyposis? |
A familiar condition where polyps form in the intestines, which can be precancerous. |
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What is a gastrectomy? |
Partial or full removal of the stomach. |
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What is a splenectomy? |
Removal of the spleen. |
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What is an ileostomy? |
Removal of a portion or whole of the small intestine. |
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What is a colostomy? |
a surgical operation in which the colon is shortened to remove a damaged part and the cut end diverted to an opening in the abdominal wall. |
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What is a nephronectomy? |
Surgical removal of one or both kidneys. |
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What are renal calculi? |
Kidney stones. |
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What interesting type of health history is important to get doing a abdominal assessment? Using which chart? |
7 day stool diary / stool elimination history |
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How might special needs people have issues, in terms of intake of food, that might come up during an abdominal health history? |
The ability to cut, prepare and and chew food may have an impact. |
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How might hospitalisation alter elimination? (3) |
Decreased mobility Decreased privacy Increased pain |
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What would you observe for in stool? (4) |
Colour Quantity Smell Consistency |
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What is melaena? |
"dark sticky faeces containing partly digested blood, as a result of internal bleeding or the swallowing of blood". |
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What type of liquid intake would you be monitoring in a hospital situation? (4) |
-Oral fluids -Intravenous fluids, including TPN -Blood transfusion -Nasogastric/ PEG feeds |
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What is "TPN?" |
parenteral nutrition IV FEEDS |
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What liquid output would you be monitoring? (5) |
-Urine -Perspiration -Vomitus/ emesis -Wound drainage -Bowel elimination (inc colostomy/ ileostomy drainage) |
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What should you ask the patient to do before an abdo exam? |
Urinate |
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What are three things you should do before starting the abdo assessment? |
1. Drape the patient from xiphoid process to symphysispubis, then expose the patient’s abdomen. 2. Place the patient in a supine with knees flexed over apillow. 3. Stand to the right side of the patient. |
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What is the order in an abdominal assessment? |
Inspection Auscultation Percussion Palpation |
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What should you definitely NOT hear in an abdominal auscultation? And what should you NOT do if you hear this? |
Bruits / sound of blood. Never palpate if you hear this. You could cause a rupture. |
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What do absent and hypoactive bowel sounds indicate? (2) |
Decreased motility Possible obstruction |
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What do hyperactive bowel sounds indicate? (2) |
- Increased motility - possible diarrhea, gastroenteritis |
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What do bowel sounds usually sound like? |
High pitched |
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What is normal to see during abdominal inspection? (4) |
1 •Ripples of peristalsis may be visible 2. Non-exaggerated pulsation of the abdominal aorta may bepresent 3. Umbilicus is depressed. 4. Striae |
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What sound do you hear when percussing over organ-filled areas? AKA Liver |
Dullness |
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What do you hear when percussing over air-filled areas? AKA stomach, intestines |
Resonance |
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What is not percusable? |
An empty bladder is not percusable above the symphysis pubis |
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What are abnormal percussion findings? (3) |
1. Dullness heard where there should be resonance (indicates mass) 2. Spleen dullness (may mean enlarged) 3. Ability to percuss a recently-emptied bladder may mean fluid retention |
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What is peritonitis? |
Inflammation of the peritoneum. |
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What does tenderness on palpation mean? |
May indicate inflammation, masses, or enlarged organs. |
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What does muscle guarding on expiration suggest? |
Peritonitis. |
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What dos the presence of masses, swelling or bulges indicated? (4) |
May indicated enlarged organs Cholecystitis Hepatitis Cirrhosis |
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What is cholecystitis ? |
Inflammation of the gall bladder. |
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What does it possibly indicate if the liver is palpable below the costal line? (4) |
Hepatitis Cirrhosis Hepatic encephalopathy Cancer |
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What is it called when palpation of the left lower quadrant of a person's abdomen increases the pain felt in the right lower quadrant? What does this indicate? |
Positive Rovsing's sign Appendicitis |
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What does it mean if the spleen is palpable? 5 |
1. Inflammation 2. Cancer 3. Cirrhosis 4. Mononucleosis 5. CHF |
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What does it mean if the kidneys are palpable? (3) |
1. Hydronephrosis 2. Neoplasms (new + abnormal tissue growth) 3. Polycystic kidney disease |
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What pain is common in the abdo region, which can make assessment difficult? |
Referred pain from other parts of the body |
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What are patients over 50 advised to do? & if there is a positive result? |
Take a faecal occult blood test (FOBT) If positive for blood, a colonoscopy is needed. If positive because of drugs or alcohol abuse, drug counselling advised |
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How should you always phrase questions about a patient's daily eliminations? (inpatient scenario) |
When did you last move your bowels |
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What should you ask the patient to point out before an abdo exam, and how should you use this info? |
Any sites of pain. Palpate these last. |
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What is rebound tenderness? |
More pain being felt after you've pressed that during pressing |
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What are the three portions of the small intestine? From start to end. (3) |
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum |
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What are the segments of the large intestine, from start to finish? (4) |
Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon |
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What is Hepatomegaly? |
Abnormal enlargement of the liver. |
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What is colitis? |
Inflammation of the lining of the colon |
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What is Steatorrhea? |
Excess fat excreted in the stool due to S.I not absorbing it adequately |
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What is a pilonidal cyst? |
A pilonidal cyst is a cyst on the tailbone, near the cleft of the buttocks. |
